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Anatomy class for all university students, beside lady Victoria academy logo 2 makurdi, Makurdi (2026)

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Beside Lady Victoria Academy Logo 2 Makurdi

24/08/2026

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23/08/2026

Perforated Eardrum: Causes, Signs & Management

A perforated eardrum, or tympanic membrane perforation, is a hole or tear in the thin membrane separating the ear canal from the middle ear. Many small perforations heal on their own, but some need specialist treatment.

🟣 Common Causes

➟ Middle-ear infection causing pressure and rupture of the eardrum

➟ Sudden pressure changes from flying, diving, or explosions

➟ Direct injury from cotton buds, hairpins, or other objects placed in the ear

➟ Head or ear trauma

➟ Very loud noise or blast injury

🟣 Common Signs and Symptoms

➟ Sudden ear pain, which may improve after the eardrum ruptures

➟ Reduced or muffled hearing

➟ Ringing in the ear, called tinnitus

➟ Fluid, pus, or blood draining from the ear

➟ Feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear

➟ Dizziness or vertigo may occur

🟣 Signs Suggesting Infection

➟ Fever

➟ Ear discharge that is yellow, green, or foul-smelling

➟ Increasing ear pain

➟ Reduced hearing

➟ Persistent infection may delay healing

🟣 Management

➟ Keep the ear dry while it heals

➟ Avoid swimming unless cleared by a healthcare professional

➟ Use petroleum-coated cotton at the outer ear during showering if advised

➟ Do not put cotton buds, oils, or unprescribed drops into the ear

➟ Pain-relieving medicines may be used when appropriate

➟ Antibiotic ear drops or oral antibiotics may be prescribed if infection is present

🟣 Healing

➟ Many small perforations heal naturally within several weeks

➟ Hearing often improves as the eardrum closes

➟ Persistent perforations may require an eardrum patch or tympanoplasty surgery

➟ Hearing testing may be needed if hearing loss continues

🟣 Important Precautions

➟ Do not blow the nose forcefully

➟ Avoid pressure changes such as diving until the eardrum has healed

➟ Do not use ear drops unless they are confirmed safe for a perforated eardrum

➟ Avoid inserting anything into the ear canal

🟣 When to Seek Medical Help

➟ Ear discharge continues