The Philosophical Society of UPLB

The Philosophical Society of UPLB Philosoc is an academic organization for philosophy students and enthusiasts. Open to all programs!

The Philosophical Society of UPLB envisions a community of students with igniting interest and appreciation for Philosophy, fully committed to promoting critical thinking, genuine understanding, and clear judgment in the absence of bias and prejudice. As an academic organization, it strives to achieve excellence in academics and all fields of human aspirations.

๐‹๐จ๐จ๐ค ๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ, ๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐š๐ฐ๐š๐ข๐ญ๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐ฒ๐จ๐ง๐ ๐ŸŒ 
20/01/2026

๐‹๐จ๐จ๐ค ๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ, ๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐š๐ฐ๐š๐ข๐ญ๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐ฒ๐จ๐ง๐ ๐ŸŒ 

๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐˜‚ ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—บ? ๐—ช๐—›๐—”๐—ง? ๐—Ÿ๐—œ๐—ž๐—˜ ๐—œ๐—ง'๐—ฆ ๐—›๐—”๐—ฅ๐——?! We congratulate our First Semester A.Y. 2025โ€“2026 academic achievers for sl...
19/01/2026

๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐˜‚ ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—บ? ๐—ช๐—›๐—”๐—ง? ๐—Ÿ๐—œ๐—ž๐—˜ ๐—œ๐—ง'๐—ฆ ๐—›๐—”๐—ฅ๐——?!

We congratulate our First Semester A.Y. 2025โ€“2026 academic achievers for slaying and owning another semester! The organization recognizes the efforts and hard work you put in everything you do. May our pillar of excellence coupled with enlightenment and solidarity remains to be your guiding motivation.

Sapere Aude!


๐““๐“ฎ๐“ช๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ผ๐“ฝ ๐“ฐ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ต๐“ฎ ๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ช๐“ญ๐“ฎ๐“ป,One must wonder, are you prepared for the social season ahead? ๐Ÿ’ƒ๐ŸปThis author is cordially inviting...
16/01/2026

๐““๐“ฎ๐“ช๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ผ๐“ฝ ๐“ฐ๐“ฎ๐“ท๐“ฝ๐“ต๐“ฎ ๐“ป๐“ฎ๐“ช๐“ญ๐“ฎ๐“ป,

One must wonder, are you prepared for the social season ahead? ๐Ÿ’ƒ๐Ÿป

This author is cordially inviting you to the most anticipated event of the Ton! ๐Ÿ–‹๏ธ

Join us in ๐—ฃ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—น๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ผ๐—ฐ ๐—ข๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฒ, as we cast a perceptive eye upon the origins, principles, and pursuits of PhiloSoc. โœจ

The introduction is far more illuminating than any whispered gossip. ๐Ÿคซ

This author gladly awaits the pleasure and the honor of your company at Jacquesโ€™ 7:00PM. All are most welcome to join in on the fun, and philosophize with PhiloSoc!

Ready to socialize with us this season? If so, this author eagerly awaits you making her acquaintance!

Register here:
https://forms.gle/BKJg29DYi3hAYEkr6
https://forms.gle/BKJg29DYi3hAYEkr6
https://forms.gle/BKJg29DYi3hAYEkr6

๐‘ต๐’๐’•๐’†: ๐‘จ๐’๐’„๐’๐’‰๐’๐’๐’Š๐’„ ๐’…๐’“๐’Š๐’๐’Œ๐’” ๐’˜๐’Š๐’๐’ ๐‘ต๐‘ถ๐‘ป ๐’ƒ๐’† ๐’”๐’†๐’“๐’—๐’†๐’… ๐’…๐’–๐’“๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’†๐’—๐’†๐’๐’•.



To my dearest inaanak Johanna ๐Ÿ’•HAPPY, HAPPY BIRTHDAY, NANAK! ๐Ÿฅณ๐ŸŽ‚I donโ€™t know how close weโ€™ll still be in the future, but ...
11/01/2026

To my dearest inaanak Johanna ๐Ÿ’•

HAPPY, HAPPY BIRTHDAY, NANAK! ๐Ÿฅณ๐ŸŽ‚

I donโ€™t know how close weโ€™ll still be in the future, but you know this alreadyโ€”weโ€™re kinda birds of the same feather, and I really think I was meant to be your ninong ๐Ÿ˜Œโœจ MWEHEHEHE.

I hope you celebrate your birthday with exactly the amount of happiness your heart wishes for. ๐Ÿฅน๐Ÿ’ซ PAKAIN KA NAMAN DIYAN SA PIXIE FOREST NATIN OH!! ๐ŸŒณ๐Ÿงšโ€โ™€๏ธ Iโ€™m really looking forward to more time bonding with you, Nak, and of course, more drama sessions and kwentuhan ๐Ÿซถ๐Ÿ˜†

Enjoy your day to the fullest, because ikaw na โ€˜yanโ€”you truly deserve it ๐Ÿ’–๐ŸŒˆ
Happy 18th Birthday, Nak! ๐ŸŽ‰๐ŸŽŠ

With so much love,
Your Mama ๐Ÿ’ž

๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ, ๐€๐ญ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ง๐ž๐ฒ๐ฌ! โš–๏ธThe Philosophical Society of UPLB congratulates our proud alumnaes, ๐—”๐˜๐˜๐˜†. ๐—Ÿ๐—ถ๐˜‡๐—ฒ๐˜๐—ต ๐—•๐—ฎ๐—น๐—บ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐—ฎ ๐—ฌ๐—ฎ...
10/01/2026

๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ, ๐€๐ญ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ง๐ž๐ฒ๐ฌ! โš–๏ธ

The Philosophical Society of UPLB congratulates our proud alumnaes, ๐—”๐˜๐˜๐˜†. ๐—Ÿ๐—ถ๐˜‡๐—ฒ๐˜๐—ต ๐—•๐—ฎ๐—น๐—บ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐—ฎ ๐—ฌ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ผ and ๐—”๐˜๐˜๐˜†. ๐—ฃ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฎ ๐—”๐—ป๐—ด๐—ฒ๐—น๐—ฎ ๐—˜๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ผ, for passing the 2025 Philippine Bar Examinations. Your efforts and dedication to the legal profession are the guiding principle for our country's brighter future. May you always pursue your love for philosophy and law in serving the Filipino people. ๐™ˆ๐™–๐™—๐™ช๐™๐™–๐™ฎ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ข๐™œ๐™– ๐™–๐™—๐™ค๐™œ๐™–๐™™๐™ค ๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™—๐™–๐™ฎ๐™–๐™ฃ!

Sapere Aude!


โœจ ๐‘ญ๐’†๐’‚๐’•๐’–๐’“๐’†๐’… ๐‘ป๐’‰๐’†๐’”๐’Š๐’” ๐’๐’‡ ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐‘ด๐’๐’๐’•๐’‰ โœจHow does the Filipino practice of hiyรข contribute to the perpetuation of epistemic injus...
09/01/2026

โœจ ๐‘ญ๐’†๐’‚๐’•๐’–๐’“๐’†๐’… ๐‘ป๐’‰๐’†๐’”๐’Š๐’” ๐’๐’‡ ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐‘ด๐’๐’๐’•๐’‰ โœจ

How does the Filipino practice of hiyรข contribute to the perpetuation of epistemic injustice surrounding lookism in Filipino society? I answer this by arguing that hiyรข contribute to the perpetuation of epistemic injustice surrounding lookism in Filipino society. I answer this by arguing that hiya functions as both an internal and external mechanism of silencing, one that inhibits marginalized knowers from articulating their experiences of lookism and simultaneously allows dominant groups to maintain their ignorance under the guise of being moral. (Jara 2025)

In celebration of the 28th anniversary of the Philosophy Division, the Philosophical Society of UPLBโ€™s January feature proudly presents the work of Mark Bonnin A. Jara, which interrogates the intersections of hiyรข, beauty, and knowledge in the Philippine context. This research examines lookismโ€”discrimination based on physical appearanceโ€”and argues that hiyรข functions as a mechanism of epistemic injustice, sustaining silence, dismissal, and ignorance.

Drawing from the works of Fricker, Spiegel, Pohlhaus, and Dotson, the thesis reframes hiyรข not merely as a personal feeling of shame but as a social and structural pressure that enforces taboos around โ€œugliness.โ€ Through the cases of Banoy and Kiko, the study reveals how marginalized Filipino features (kayumanggi skin, pango noses, and kulรณt hair) become grounds not only for discrimination, but for the systematic silencing of lived experience and knowledge.

This work goes beyond aesthetics. It is a vital contribution to Filipino philosophy and social epistemology, exposing how colonial beauty standards persist through hiyรข and remain largely unquestioned. More importantly, it challenges readers to ask: what forms of knowledge are lost when people are taught to be ashamed of how they look?

May this thesis remind us that philosophy does not only interpret the worldโ€”it also gives us the language to name silences, confront injustice, and imagine more just ways of knowing and being!

๐— ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ธ ๐—•๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ป๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—”. ๐—๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ is a ๐˜š๐˜ถ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฎ๐˜ข ๐˜ค๐˜ถ๐˜ฎ ๐˜ญ๐˜ข๐˜ถ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ graduate of the Philosophy Division, Department of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baรฑos. His undergraduate thesis was awarded with High Distinction, a first in the 28-year history of the Philosophy Division. Mr. Jara previously served as Chief Archon and is a proud alumnus of the Philosophical Society of UPLB.



๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ฝ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜ ๐—ฏ๐—ถ๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐˜†, ๐—บ๐˜† ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜ ๐—ท๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐—ฒ! ๐Ÿฅฐcongratulations for making it through yet another year! the same way your 18th ...
01/01/2026

๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ฝ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜ ๐—ฏ๐—ถ๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐˜†, ๐—บ๐˜† ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜ ๐—ท๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐—ฒ! ๐Ÿฅฐ

congratulations for making it through yet another year! the same way your 18th had much in store for you experience-wise, i'm sure your 19th would turn out to be the same, if not better, with the drive and passion running your psyche. your ๐—ผ๐—ฝ๐˜๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ถ๐˜€๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ, paired with your ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป and ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐˜, will surely get you places!

i feel honored to be one of the first upperclassmen you've bonded with as a freshman in UPLB, jonna. surely, you'll have more friends (or orgs!) to come on your college journey, but i hope you keep a special place in your heart for me and philosoc! we're as ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ฝ๐˜† ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ ๐˜†๐—ผ๐˜‚ as you are to have us in your life.

keep striving, smiling, and shining! โ˜บ๏ธ

love,
๐’š๐’๐’–๐’“ ๐’†๐’—๐’†๐’“-๐’Œ๐’Š๐’Œ๐’‚๐’š, ๐’‘๐’†๐’“๐’‘๐’†๐’•๐’–๐’‚๐’๐’๐’š ๐’”๐’๐’‚๐’š๐’‡๐’–๐’ ๐’๐’Š๐’๐’‚๐’๐’ˆ ๐’†๐’๐’๐’† ๐Ÿ’‹

'๐—ง๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—ฏ๐—ฒ ๐—ท๐—ผ๐—น๐—น๐˜† ๐ŸŽถ๐Ÿ””The Philosophical Society of UPLB wishes everyone a merry holiday season!As we end this ye...
25/12/2025

'๐—ง๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—ฏ๐—ฒ ๐—ท๐—ผ๐—น๐—น๐˜† ๐ŸŽถ๐Ÿ””

The Philosophical Society of UPLB wishes everyone a merry holiday season!

As we end this year, we look back on all the new people weโ€™ve met and the memories weโ€™ve made together, ones we'll share as our journeys go on.

This year, PhiloSoc was filled with laughter, tears, and everything in betweenโ€”moments that challenged us, grounded us, and brought us closer together. To commemorate all of this, the Philosophical Society of UPLB came together once more in a night full of laughter and camaraderie, celebrating the year.

Once again, happy holidays! We look forward to whatโ€™s in store for us in 2026.


Hi Nanak! Hope youre doing well today on this lovely occassion. You know, at first, I didnt really know if we would get ...
21/12/2025

Hi Nanak! Hope youre doing well today on this lovely occassion. You know, at first, I didnt really know if we would get along since youre a lot more outgoing and headstrong than your ninxng. But as I got to know you, It never mattered how different we were. I just knew that I looked forward to seeing how passionte you are about your batchmates, our org, and everything that you give effort to. Reminds me of how I used to ve when I was a freshman (sorry unc status na HAHAHHAA) But yeah, may you never cease to be courageously you and keep strong and hold your head up high. Your efforts are well loved and appreciated, and most of all are seen, and I can see how strong you are nanak :]] syempre angkan ko na yan HAHAHAHA

Keep on keeping on and always remember, andi-to lang ako for you whenever needed

๐—Ÿ๐—ผ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ ๐—ป๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฒ๐˜€, ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—ฎ ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜, ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€๐˜‚๐—บ๐—ฒ๐˜€.The Philosophical Society of UPLB explored the striking theme of ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ป๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—ฎ๐—น...
19/12/2025

๐—Ÿ๐—ผ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ ๐—ป๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐˜€๐—ต๐—ฒ๐˜€, ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—ฎ ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜, ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€๐˜‚๐—บ๐—ฒ๐˜€.

The Philosophical Society of UPLB explored the striking theme of ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ป๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ถ๐˜€๐—บ ๐—ฎ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐˜๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—น๐—ผ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ in their successful ED/PD session last November 26. The discussions examined how relationships often carry an undertone of consumption, reflected on the dynamics of devouring, what remains after that exchange, and whether such acts are necessary for love to feel authentic and complete.

The insights extended beyond theory into literary and social analysis, and touched on the use of cannibalism as metaphor in famous trends, songs, and movies.

Their exchanges were insightful and substantive, the very kind of intellectual encounter that Philosoc continues to foster.


HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO MY INAANAK!!! ๐Ÿฅน๐Ÿ’•firstly, iโ€™m very proud for your first year in philosoc and in elbi. your quiet nature...
18/12/2025

HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO MY INAANAK!!! ๐Ÿฅน๐Ÿ’•

firstly, iโ€™m very proud for your first year in philosoc and in elbi. your quiet nature is not to be reckoned with when your intelligence speaks so much volume :)) i hope for continuous growth in your beauty and wits with confidence ^^ always know that iโ€™m cheering you on and i look forward to celebrating your future wins, whether itโ€™d be big and small. love you

โœจ ๐‘ญ๐’†๐’‚๐’•๐’–๐’“๐’†๐’… ๐‘ป๐’‰๐’†๐’”๐’Š๐’” ๐’๐’‡ ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐‘ด๐’๐’๐’•๐’‰ โœจ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐˜๐—ต ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜„๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ป ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ฎ ๐—ฏ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜€๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐˜„๐—ฒ๐—ฟ? ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ณ๐—ณ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฟ...
10/12/2025

โœจ ๐‘ญ๐’†๐’‚๐’•๐’–๐’“๐’†๐’… ๐‘ป๐’‰๐’†๐’”๐’Š๐’” ๐’๐’‡ ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐‘ด๐’๐’๐’•๐’‰ โœจ

๐—ช๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐˜๐—ต ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜„๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ป ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ฎ ๐—ฏ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜€๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐˜„๐—ฒ๐—ฟ? ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ณ๐—ณ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ โ€œ๐˜‚๐—ป๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ฑโ€ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—บ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—ถ๐˜ ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐˜€๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ธ๐—ฒ๐—ป?

The Philosophical Society of UPLB presents the final installment of this yearโ€™s Featured Thesis Series: โ€œ๐—–๐—ผ๐—น๐—น๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—–๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—ถ๐—น๐—ถ๐˜๐˜†: ๐—”๐—ป ๐—”๐—ฝ๐—ฝ๐—น๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—™๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ธ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ข๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—นฤฑโ€™๐˜€ ๐—”๐—ฐ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ป๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—˜๐—ฝ๐—ถ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—œ๐—ป๐—ท๐˜‚๐˜€๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐— ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ฎ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ฃ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒโ€ by Mr. Lloyd Castro.

This thesis demonstrates that Western media does far more than relay events. It actively shapes the framework through which societies recognize and validate truth. Drawing on Miranda Fricker and Imge Oranlฤฑ, Mr. Castro shows how credibility becomes a tool of power, granting legitimacy to Israeli narratives while systematically discrediting Palestinian testimonies.

By analyzing the ongoing genocide in Gaza, the thesis reveals that epistemic injustice is not abstract but violently real. Media institutions function as epistemic authorities, enforcing colonial hierarchies that determine which voices are heard and which are erased. These structures make Palestinian suffering harder to comprehend, grieve, or acknowledge.

The thesis emphasizes that misinformation extends beyond journalistic bias or flawed fact-checking. It forms part of a broader structure of epistemic domination, where historical legacies and political alliances dictate whose experiences the world will recognize as human.

โ€œBy exposing how testimonial injustice operates in media narratives, this study aims to inform advocacy efforts, promote ethical journalism, and strengthen media literacy initiatives. It urges news consumers to critically engage with sources, question dominant narratives, and recognize the structural biases that govern global reporting.โ€

The consequences of this imbalance are profound. Media misrepresentation shapes policy, molds public opinion, and constructs moral hierarchies that teach audiences whom to mourn and whom to doubt. Mr. Castro urges readers to examine their own assumptions, asking why certain perspectives appear objective while others are automatically dismissed.

In a world where narratives can justify violence or erase it entirely, this thesis insists that resisting epistemic injustice is an ethical imperative. Listening differently challenges the systems that make oppression seem reasonable and opens the possibility of a more just recognition of suffering.

๐— ๐—ฟ. ๐—Ÿ๐—น๐—ผ๐˜†๐—ฑ ๐—–๐—ฎ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ผ is a graduate of the Philosophy Division, Department of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baรฑos, and a proud alumnus of The Philosophical Society of UPLB.



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