22/05/2021
https://www.pursuephysics.com/post/can-the-speed-of-light-be-As of right now, light has been found to travel above the limit in mediums including optical fibres and atomic gases. Clément Goyon, an experimental physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California is currently proving how to adjust the speed of light in plasma and therefore, creating an order-of-magnitude for the speed of light. This order could help improve control of inertial-confinement-fusion experiments. This could mean that there is a future for plasma-based optics in high powered lasers.
Then light travels through different materials, the velocity can change from the speed through a vacuum(the accepted value). The velocity through different materials are called group velocity and can be larger, or smaller than the speed of light c. This factors in how the shape of a light pulse spreads and distorts as it travels through the material. Goyon and his colleagues at LLNL created a hydrogen-helium plasma by ionising a jet of the gas with a polarised laser beam. Next, they fired a second laser beam at the new plasma. There the paths cross, the horizontal component of the second laser pulse slowed in response to a change in the plasmas refractive index. The slowing of the light was caused by the interaction of the 2 lasers.
By measuring the delay in time, between the vertical and horizontal components of the second laser pulse, Goyon observed that the components had different speeds. By alerting the frequency difference between the beams, they found that they could tune the speed from 0.995c to between 0.12c and − 0.34c. This means that the peak of the pules actually travelled faster than the speed of light.
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