08/12/2025
A reminder of our research seminar this Wednesday with Prof Ghulam Shams-ur-Rehman (Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad) at 1:00 – 2:30 pm in Monica Partridge C15 (University Park Campus next to Hallward Library; bring your own refreshment). If you would like to join online, email [email protected] in advance for the link.
Title: “The Sufi Saint Khwaja Hafiz Jamal Allah Multani (d. 1811) and His Circle: Reassessing Chishti Scholarship in Early Nineteenth-Century Multan.”
Abstract:
Khwaja Hafiz Muhammad Jamil Allah Multani (d. 1811) was one of the leading Chishti Sufis of the early nineteenth century. His distinctions extended beyond his credentials as a religious teacher and Sufi master. He was a successful trader and is also remembered for his military prowess. He fought against the Sikh incursions and trained his disciples in archery, earning the sobriquet muhafiz Multan (Protector of Multan). However, his most significant contribution was the establishment of a khanqah in his hometown of Multan. Here, he trained a small group of scholars who would go on to play significant roles in the religious and social life of the region. They were poets, musicians, artisans, and public servants, as well as religious authorities and spiritual guides. Although little has been written about this Sufi center and its circle of scholars, they had a substantial intellectual influence on the region’s scholarly environment.
This study examines the Chishti scholarship in the early nineteenth-century Multan by analyzing the texts of three noteworthy memoirs by pupils of Hafiz Jamal: Khisal Raddiyya (Delightful Qualities) by ‘Abd al-‘Aziz Parharwi (d. 1824), Asrar al-Kamaliyya (Secrets of Perfection) by Sayyid Muhammad Zahid Shah (d. 1829) and Anwar Jamaliyya (Lights of Beauty) by Munshi Ghulam Hasan Shahid (d. 1850). The works of Hafiz Jamal’s spiritual heir, Khwaja Khuda Bakhsh Khayrpuri and his disciples, Khwaja ‘Ubayd Allah Multani (d. 1834) and Khwaja Imam Bakhsh Maharwi (d. 1882) are also briefly noted. Moreover, Hafiz Jamal’s Si-harfi, (thirty stanzas) written in Sira’iki for his daughter, in which he advised her to adorn herself with virtue in order to lead a successful life, is also discussed.
The religious literature produced by the scholars associated with this khanqah remained pivotal in the dissemination of knowledge in the region, a contribution that was largely overlooked during the colonial period. A brief historical overview of the institution helps illuminate the state of religious knowledge and pedagogy in Multan and its environs at a pivotal moment, when Mughal and Durrani regimes were in decline, while Sikh and British forces were emerging as political powers.