The M.S. University

24/06/2012

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09/06/2012

Choose a style of collage. By definition, a collage should be made up of several different pieces. Those pieces can be made of all sorts of items, such as paper, yarn, fabric, stamps, magazine cut-outs, plastic, raffia, foil, labels, lids, matchsticks, corks, natural items (bark, leaves, seeds, eggshells, seashells, twigs, etc.), buttons, and so forth. You can either choose one medium such as paper or fabric, or you can make an eclectic mix, such as paper, buttons and foil.

Choose a suitable backing. While a paper or cardboard backing is the usual choice, the backing can be anything you consider will work well. For example, a backing could be blotting paper, card stock, fabric such as a piece of hessian (burlap), newspaper, old book covers, wood, smooth bark, plastic, etc. If the surface is usable and items can be stuck to it, you can probably use it for making a collage.

Hoard the materials for future collages. As you become more proficient at and enthused about making collages, you'll probably start seeing opportunities in all sorts of materials. Be sure to keep a special collage materials box for collecting the pieces in.

09/06/2012

. If you yelled for 8 years, 7 months and 6 days, you would have produced enough sound energy to heat one cup of coffee.

(Hardly seems worth it)

05/02/2012

04/12/2011

At the start of the twentieth century, the United States Army had a Yellow Fever Commission. The Army wanted medical experts to study yellow fever and find a way to stop the disease. One team went to Cuba to test the idea that mosquitoes spread yellow fever. The team was led by Walter Reed, the Army doctor and scientist noted for his work on infectious diseases.

In August of 1900, the researchers began to raise mosquitoes and infect them with the virus. Nine of the Americans let the infected insects bite them. Nothing happened. Then two more let the mosquitoes bite them. Both men developed yellow fever.

A doctor named Jesse William Lazear recognized that the mosquitoes that bit the last two men had been older than the others. Dr. Lazear proved that mosquitoes did carry yellow fever.

Dr. Lazear himself was also bitten. No one is sure how it happened. He said it happened accidentally as he treated others. But some people said he placed the mosquito on his arm as part of the experiment. Medical historians say he may have reported the bite as an accident so his family would not be denied money from his life insurance policy.

Jesse Lazear died of yellow fever. His death shocked the others on the team in Cuba. But they continued their work.

More people let themselves be bitten by mosquitoes. Others were injected with blood from victims of yellow fever. Some people in this test group developed the disease, but all recovered to full health.

Members of the team praised the work by Jesse Lazear. They called it a sacrifice to research that led the way to one of the greatest medical discoveries of the century.

The research answered the question of how yellow fever was spread. Now the question was how to protect people. The researchers had a theory. They thought that people who were bitten by infected mosquitoes, but recovered, were protected in the future.

To test this idea, the team in Cuba offered $100 to anyone who would agree to be bitten by infected mosquitoes. Nineteen people agreed. The only American was Clara Maass. She was a nurse who worked with yellow fever patients in Cuba.

Clara Maass was bitten by infected mosquitoes seven times between March and August of 1901. Only one of the nineteen people developed the disease -- until that August. Then seven people got yellow fever. Clara Maass died six days after she was bitten for the seventh time.

The experiment showed that the bite of an infected mosquito was not a safe way to protect people from yellow fever. Medical historians say the death of Clara Maass also created a public protest over the use of humans in yellow fever research. Such experiments ended.

Cuba and the United States both honored Clara Maass on postage stamps. And today a hospital in her home state of New Jersey is known as Clara Maass Medical Center.

Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service. In 1912, he began to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra.

Dr. Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people were poor. The doctor came to believe that the disease was not infectious, but instead related to diet.

He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and milk.

Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.

But some medical researchers refused to accept that a poor diet caused pellagra. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other issues involved, including Southern pride.

So Dr. Goldberger had himself injected with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients.

An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Dr. Goldberger's wife. None of them got sick.

Later, the doctor discovered that a small amount of dried brewer's yeast each day could prevent pellagra.

Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was 55 years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra: a lack of the B vitamin known as niacin.

Matthew Lukwiya was the medical administrator of Saint Mary's Hospital in the Gulu District of northern Uganda. In 2000, the hospital was the center of treatment for an outbreak of Ebola. The virus causes severe bleeding. No cure is known. Doctors can only hope that victims are strong enough to survive.

Dr. Lukwiya acted quickly to control the spread of infection. He kept the people with Ebola separate from the other patients. He ordered hospital workers to wear protective clothing and follow other safety measures.

One day he had to deal with a patient who was dying of Ebola. The man had been acting out of control. The doctor knew him well. The patient was a nurse who worked at the hospital. The man was coughing and bleeding. Dr. Lukwiya violated one of his own rules. He wore no protection over his eyes.

Matthew Lukwiya died from the virus in December of 2000. He was 42 years old. Ugandans mourned his death. He was an important influence in the community. Experts say his work during the outbreak helped stop the Ebola virus from spreading out of control.

On February 28, 2003, the Vietnam-France Hospital in Hanoi asked Carlo Urbani for help. The Italian doctor was an expert on communicable diseases. He was based in Vietnam for the World Health Organization.

The hospital asked Dr. Urbani to help identify an unusual infection. He recognized it as a new threat. He made sure other hospitals increased their infection-control measures.

On March eleventh, Dr. Urbani developed signs of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Four days later, the World Health Organization declared it a worldwide health threat.

Carlo Urbani was the first doctor to warn the world of the disease that became known as SARS. He died of it on March 29, 2003. He was 46 years old.

Our final medical hero is molecular biologist Anita Roberts. She was widely recognized by other researchers for her work with a protein called transforming growth factor-beta. TGF-beta can both heal wounds and make healthy cells cancerous.

In 1976, Anita Roberts joined the National Cancer Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health in the United States. She worked for many years with another researcher, Michael Sporn.

They found that TGF-beta helps to heal wounds and is important in the body's defense system against disease. At the same time, though, the two scientists found that the protein can also support the growth of cancer in some cells.

Between 1983 and 2002, Anita Roberts published more than 340 research papers. Many other scientists gave credit to her published work. In fact, the publication Science Watch listed her as the 49th most-cited researcher in the world during that twenty-year period. She was the third most-cited female scientist.

But in 2004, after years of studying cancer, Anita Roberts learned that she herself had the disease. She died of gastric cancer in May of 2006. She was 64 years old.

04/12/2011

M. Sc. Biotechnology
Eligibility: Graduation in any discipline of science including Mathematics, Engineering or Medicine.Background in Biology is preferred. Details

M. Sc.Microbiology
Eligibility: Graduation in any discipline of science including Mathematics, Engineering or Medicine.Background in Biology is preferred Details

M. Sc. Bioinformatics
Eligibility: Graduation in any discipline of science including Mathematics, Engineering or Medicine.Background in Mathematics or Computer Science is preferred. Details

04/12/2011

Introduction

Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae family) is an industrially important non-edible oil seed crop with several well established applications in industry. Castor bean genome is around 350 Mb and was sequenced and assembled in 4X draft by Chan et al. [1] using whole genome shortgun strategy and is predicted to contain 31,221 proteins, although the function of most of these proteins remains unknown. Thus, a comprehensive database has been developed to provide a useful resource by integrating information on genome, transcriptome, and proteome of R. communis. Sequence data of Castor bean plant was obtained from various resources like National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [2] and JCVI Castor Bean Genome Database [3]. Appropriate programs were developed to establish a connection with various databases for accessing the information using API. Important information extracted from the analyzed data was compiled in a back-end database using MySQL database server [4] for the construction of CastorDB. The information incorporated in CastorDB was generated by comparing the information extracted from different resources thus a comprehensive resource has been built for R. communis with information on protein domains, biosynthetic pathways, protein localization, and presence of sumoylation sites, gene expression data, and information on interaction between proteins. CastorDB not only provides researchers an opportunity to extract detailed biological information on any specific gene or protein from a single resource but also prompts the researcher to use the information to explore new information that is becoming available in plant genomics.

04/12/2011

Introduction

Dr. Bharat Chattoo is a senior professor with the Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, M.S. University of Baroda, Baroda. He has been the Head of the Department of Microbiology, M.S. University of Baroda, (1996-2001) and has been a professor since 1986. He is the Coordinator of Biotechnology Teaching Programme and the Director of Centre for Genome Research at M.S. University and is the founder Vice Chancellor of the Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu.

Dr. Chattoo received his Ph.D. from the University of Delhi, with a thesis in the field of Microbial Genetics. Subsequently, he worked at the University of Rochester Medical Centre in the area of yeast molecular genetics. He has been a Visiting Scientist/Professor, at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, Tsukuba, Japan, Rice Genome Programme, Tsukuba, Japan and United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland.

Dr. Chattoo has worked at the Sarabhai Research Centre, Baroda and served as chairman Centre of Biosciences, University of Roorkee. He was on staff as a scientist at the Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, and also worked at the Friedrich Miescher Institute, Switzerland.

Dr. Chattoo is a fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Academy of Sciences (Allahabad), Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and Guha Research Conference He serves on several expert committees of the Government of India and is a member of the task force of the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India and Gujarat Biotechnology Council of Government of Gujarat. He received the national technology award for transfer of technology to industry and he is a recipient of the Acharya J C Bose National Fellowship of DST. His current interests are in the functional genomics of fungal pathogens, genomics and proteomics approaches to the study of host-pathogen interactions and in bioprocess development.

04/12/2011

M.Sc in Microbiology



The Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre offers a two years Post Graduate program leading to the Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Microbiology. M.Sc in this programme begin with fundamental courses in Biochemistry, Genetics, Microbiology and Molecular Biology and then proceed to a thorough study of their selected area of specialization.

The Department also offers a Ph.D in Microbiology. For details and availability of positions, you may contact the Faculty.

Eligibility

B.Sc under 10+2+3 pattern of education in Physical, Biological, Agricultural Sciences with 50% of marks.

The Department Entrance

Mode of Selection

Selection is by an Entrance Test and a Personal interview conducted by the M.S.University. Students are taken on a 70:30 ratio of students within Gujarat and outside Gujarat.

Course Curriculam [SYLLABUS]

Course work is spread over a period of two years encompassing three rounds of tests for five papers all round the year culminating in a final examination at the end of the year.

Research Projects

Students undertake a Research project, for the duration of their course work as a part of the practical training. The aim is to provide them sufficient experience and proficiency in the methodology of biological research, to enable them to carry out independent research. Projects are assigned as far as possible, according to the individual interests of students and are carried out in our own labs of the Department/University/Industry. After submission of their dissertation, they undergo a viva voce, in which they have to defend their work. Students are also required to give a Major Seminar during their course work.

Ph.D. Requirements

M.Sc with Microbiology/Biotechnology/Biochemistry or an allied area. Research experience and those who have cleared SET or NET exam will be given preference.

Contact Person

Prof. Anjana Desai, Head, Dept of Microbiology

09/04/2011

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