Gunung Jerai Duathlon International Championship 2023

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30/11/2021

TUESDAY
30/11/2021
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This additional information founded by Siti Nazaratul Aisyah Binti Mohd Izamin regarding to the immigration in New Zealand

AUTHOR : SITI NAZARATUL AISYAH BINTI MOHD IZAMIN (2021113679)

FACTS ABOUT REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT IN NEW ZEALAND
In its yearly quotas, New Zealand has agreed to accept 750 migrants each year. The refugee quota has not been increased in over three decades. It was originally set at 800 but then was later decreased. There were also times when New Zealand only accepted 750 migrants. In comparison to the rest of the nation, New Zealand ranks 90th in terms of resettlement per capita. When the wealth is factored in, they fall to an unflattering 116th place in the globe. That is not a score that any of New Zealand can be satisfied with. On a per-capita basis, Australia accepts five times as many refugees and asylum seekers.
Whenever a refugee in New Zealand seeks a visa for a family member, this is known as family reunification. It is a visa category, just like any other immigration category, and it might take years to process. The New Zealand government only allocates 300 spots in this visa category per year and does not cover any of the fees connected with migrating to New Zealand. Presently, the fee structure is $580, and each refugee may only sponsor one close relative and their dependents. In circumstances where it is difficult for a person to return home or remain in the host nation, refugees have three options: voluntary repatriation, implementing effective, or resettlement to a foreign nation.
UNHCR contributes to one of these alternatives, and for several million refugees and an even larger number of internally displaced persons, such solutions are out of reach. Fewer than 1% of refugees will ever be able to acquire a resettlement spot, and just 126,800 refugees repatriated to their home country in 2014, according to UNHCR. This is the lowest it has been since 1983. Red Cross New Zealand is the primary organization in the responsibility of the refugee resettlement initiative. When refugees arrive, they are awarded a permanent residency and spend the first six weeks in the Mangere Refugee Resettlement Centre. They study English as well as local traditions. Nelson, Wellington, Palmerston North, Hamilton, Auckland, and Christchurch all have resettlement communities. In addition, each refugee or family is allocated a social worker and a volunteer support worker to assist them throughout their first year in the nation. To facilitate effective integration, the government offers social help to refugees early in the resettlement process.

References
Family reunification fact sheet - amnesty international NZ. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2021, from https://www.amnesty.org.nz/sites/default/files/family_reunification_fact_sheet.pdf.

WEEK 7TUESDAY 30/11/2021 Assalamualaikum to everyone and to our lecturer Sir Firdaus Ramli, today we are going share abo...
30/11/2021

WEEK 7
TUESDAY
30/11/2021

Assalamualaikum to everyone and to our lecturer Sir Firdaus Ramli, today we are going share about issues regarding immigration in New Zealand. This is our full essay for this week

AUTHORS:
1. MEGAT MUHAMMAD IKHWAN BIN MEGAT ZAINAL ABIDIN (2021100825)
2. NAJAH MUSFIRAH BINTI ISHAK (2021149751)
3. SITI NAZARATUL AISYAH BINTI MOHD IZAMIN (2021113679)
4. NORSHAHFIQAH BINTI MD IDRUS (2021114477)
5. NUR AINA AQHILAH BINTI ANUAR (2021119547)

1.0 INTRODUCTION
New Zealand is one pf the country that accepted migration form various country all around the world. The historical of migrations in New Zealand began from the majority of people who migrated to New Zealand after 1800 came from Britain which are England, Scotland, Wales. and Ireland. Next in 1975 to 1991, During the third Labor government (1972–75), an inflow of immigrants, particularly from the Pacific, had occurred. However, before Robert Muldoon was chosen to lead a national government following a campaign that included criticism of Pacific immigration, there was little opportunity of putting the non-racist ideas of the 1974 immigration policy review into practice. New Zealand want to accept more migration without racism in their country. Furthermore, in 1991, New Zealand accepted migration from multi culture. The Immigration increased and became more diversified as a result of the points system. The number of foreign-born residents increased by 116,000 between 1971 and 1991. In the decade after 1991, this number climbed by 170,000, bringing the total number of people born outside of New Zealand to nearly 700,000. (Philips, 2005).
Besides, there are a lot of people that migrated to New Zealand such as United Kingdom, China, India, Australia, South Africa, and Philippines. As we know that, In 2019, United Kingdom is the highest amount of migrant in New Zealand which is 272,436 people and followed by China that have 95,195 people that migrated in New Zealand. Then, 71,747 people from India are migrant to New Zealand. So that, it stated that New Zealand it the country that accepted has received immigrations in large populations. The figures of numbers of immigrants from leading countries of origin to New Zealand in 2019 as below (Migration, 2019).

2.0 WHY THEY IMMGRATE TO NEW ZEALAND?
- Economy
New immigrants, in general, will lower the incomes of New Zealand-born employees with whom they compete most directly — especially, those in the same locality and skill group. However, if the mix of expertise brought by immigrants differs significantly from that of the New Zealand-born employment, it may have the effect of raising the earnings of non-immigrants with different capabilities. Over the last decade, immigration has played a significant part in New Zealand's economic development, with immigration levels reaching over 50,000 per year in the second half of the decade.

Why the immigrants come to New Zealand? In terms of economic aspect, New Zealand offers great job opportunities for them. So, the immigrants can find job without any difficulties thus they can provide enough basic needs for their family. Immigrants from all over the world are drawn to New Zealand because of its great quality of life, and New Zealanders take pride in welcoming newcomers. New Zealand's high quality of life is clearly proven in international reports. In a 2014 Mercer report, Auckland was placed third in the worldwide for 'Quality of Living,' with Wellington coming in at 12th. The Economist Intelligence Unit scored Auckland 10th out of 140 cities in a similar survey, and the UN's latest Human Development Index ranks New Zealand ninth out of 187 countries. New Zealand is a very amazing location to seek refuge. Overall, immigrants do not give a bad effect on the wages of the New Zealand-born population.

- Healthcare
New Zealand's national health care system is subsidized by the government. This means that everyone in New Zealand, whether a citizen or a resident, has access to free or low-cost health care. Apart from New Zealanders, if a person has a resident visa or a work visa that is valid for two years or more, they may be entitled to use the country's public healthcare system as a migrant.
New Zealand's healthcare coverage system provides fast access to emergency treatments, while non-urgent treatments have long waiting lists. Because of the potential for delays in the public system at some points, many New Zealanders and qualified migrants have chosen to purchase health insurance. This type of insurance avoids long lines and grants access to private hospitals. There are a variety of health insurance companies to choose from, and their pricing and services can meet the needs of most people. Migrants who are not eligible for public health care in their home country are also not eligible for health insurance in New Zealand. Insurance companies provide an improvement to the healthcare system. That is why individuals without access to public health care are unable to obtain health insurance. It is strongly recommended that they purchase travel insurance first if they are not qualified for public health care. It is preferable to purchase travel insurance before leaving their native country.

- Employment
New Zealand provides refugees with the opportunity to start a new life in a new country. Refugees must acclimate to their new home countries and community. While there is significant assistance available from NGOs and government organizations to assist them in settling, they must also figure out how to make the most of their life in New Zealand. When resettlement refugees arrive in New Zealand, they reside in the Mangere Refugee Resettlement Centre in Auckland for six weeks. They utilize that time to obtain aid with English, healthcare, education, and obtaining the job. A variety of organizations assist them in adjusting to their new life. Conventional refugees are qualified to apply for a residency visa and can obtain additional access to health and education, along with employment. The New Zealand government also assists refugees in preparing for and finding jobs. This includes assistance with CV writing, identifying potential positions, and advising with interview preparation. This endeavour has assisted the majority of refugees and immigrants in ready to seek employment in New Zealand. If an immigrant has particular skills or works in a skill shortage sector and has a qualification equivalent to those that New Zealand businesses are used to, they will discover that there are excellent employment options in New Zealand.

A plethora of work options has opened up new avenues for immigrants to begin their lives in New Zealand. Most refugees and immigrants have been able to survive because of the assistance of governmental and non-governmental organizations that promote refugees to achieve a settlement. Farming, for example, is one of New Zealand's most essential industries. The first is a farming hand. The worker will be a big relief to the farmer who employs you, helping with practically everything from fencing to feeding the animal. There will be no formal interview procedure, but a few questions on work ethic and capacity to work early in the morning would be asked (Robin C., 2021). Other than that, construction workers also become one of the frequent job-seeking options for immigrants. The construction sector in New Zealand is expanding fast as a result of increased investment in homes, offices and industries, road and rail linkages, sewage, electricity and cable connections, and water supplies. This increase in expenditure is driving up demand for building and allied sectors, as well as generating work opportunities.

Joseph Isak, who has a refugee history and owns a painting firm, assists newly arrived immigrants in establishing work paths. Joseph is no newcomer to hard work and determination, having arrived in New Zealand as a refugee in 1991. After five years of studying the craft as a painter, Joseph founded Joseph Painters Ltd in Wellington in 1996 with the assistance of his previous supervisor. As a company owner, he is now paying it forward by assisting other former migrants on their job paths. Working with Joseph's firm has been a life-changing experience for Ninous Jabbo, one of Joseph's workers. Ninous came to New Zealand with his parents and three brothers in March of 2012. When he initially came, he concentrated on learning English and was quickly offered the opportunity to work full-time as a painter for Joseph's firm. He took the job immediately once and began working hard to gain money in order to establish himself in New Zealand (New Zealand Red Cross, Pathways to employment).

3.0 CHALLENGES FACE BY THE IMMIGRANT
3.1 Limitation of Public Transport
The migrant in New Zealand will face various of challenges being migration in that country. the first and foremost challenge they face is limitation of public transport. As we are aware that transportation is one of the necessary needs this time. Most of the people need transportation to move from one place to another place. As migration who are mostly are migrate to survive in another country might have the problem to own the car in others country as well as financial problem they face of being migration. Most of the migration in new Zealand are intended to find job and employment as in their own country employment might be one of difficulties to stay in their own country. so to be working they might need a transport however due to difficulties to own one, public transport become their essential things for their daily life. Studying the daily experiences and goals of Auckland's Asian populations is one method to look for ways to improve the city's public transportation system. Auckland is one of the most automobile-dependent cities in the world, with vehicle travel accounting for approximately 80% of all journeys. A wide urban shape with an inefficient and underutilized public transportation system has evolved from more than six decades of road-oriented expansion. (Imran and Pearce, 2 2015). Thus from this research the migrant must aware about the difficulties of public transportation in the area they are plan to come before migrate and move to New Zealand. It might be easy for those who migrate alone but for those who has family or financial problem it might need big amount of money to buy their own transportation.

3.2 Racism against migrants prevalent in New Zealand

Racism against migrants is widespread in New Zealand, and it has an influence on many aspects of life, including health, housing, and work, according to study conducted by the Human Rights Commission. Many of those that faced racism are Muslim communities, black communities and Asian communities dan immigrant to the New Zealand.

Many respondents stated racism badly hurt their sense of self-belief, resulting in dread, alienation from society, and loss of culture and identity, according to the research, Drivers of migrant New Zealanders' experiences of racism. Many people also talked about how racism led to marginalisation, colonialism, and even prejudice towards their own culture. As a result, migrants in New Zealand have stated that they had to modify how they looked, dressed, talked, or acted in order to conform to Eurocentric norms. Recent events, such as the terrorist assault on the Christchurch mosque and the Black Lives Matter movement, have raised awareness and readiness to talk about and respond to racism, but opinions on whether racist behaviour has changed are varied.

Meng Foon, the Race Relations Commissioner, told Morning Report that some migrants in New Zealand felt unwanted. "Some people are made fun of because of the clothing they wear or the colour of their skin." Others, he claims, are afraid to express themselves in their own tongue. "They feel frightened, as if they need to adjust their behaviour, and they're terrified of losing their identity."

"I believe that because New Zealand's immigration has been fairly fast in recent years, particularly of people of colour, people aren't used to immigrants who dress differently, speak differently, and don't look like them, and so create anxiety for them, and they're actually being pretty unpleasant." Foon claims that New Zealand has long struggled with racial difficulties, dating back to colonialism, a poll tax on Chinese immigration in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and morning raids on Pasifika homes and workplaces in the 1970s.

"It has had a cumulative effect over our country's history," he explained. According to Foon, the findings will be incorporated into the Ministry of Justice's national anti-racism action plan. "And I think there should be some preparatory information for new immigrants when they apply for visas so they know what kind of nation they're going to in terms of democracy, Te Tiriti o Waitangi, that you can have a variety of faith, that you can have same-sex marriage, and all that."

3.2.1 Islamophobia towards migrants Muslim in New Zealand

In March 2019 we were shocked with news regarding a shooting at the Christchurch Mosque in New Zealand. One of the factors that led to the incident is racism. As New Zealand comes together in the aftermath of that terror attack, there are demands to address the racism issues that Kiwi Muslims have highlighted time and time again.

One prominent individual claims that a new government-led plan is required to address concerns that her organisation has repeatedly raised with officials in recent years, citing escalating levels of prejudice. This has included everything from media racism and internet hatred to hate speech and harassment in ordinary life. According to a recent informal study conducted by the Islamic Women's Council of New Zealand, 80 percent of Muslim women aged 12 to 16 indicated they had been "harassed or discriminated against in the previous year."The young women reported that the abuse and discrimination was occurring not just on the streets but within the schools they attended, and some of it came from teachers.

What research tells us?
Numerous investigations have pointed to the source of much of it. Muslims, for example, were shown to have greater levels of bias and lower levels of "warmth" in the 20-year longitudinal New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study than other ethnic groups. Another poll of 300 adults by Victoria University's Centre for Applied Cross-cultural Research indicated a "moderate to fairly high" degree of fear about Muslim immigration. 51% agreed that Muslims had "customs that are unacceptable in New Zealand," 44% said that "Muslim immigration enhance the likelihood of terrorism," and 44% agreed that "Muslim ideals are incompatible with New Zealand values." However, a third of those polled felt that Muslims had made a significant contribution to New Zealand, and 53% said that Muslim prayer rooms should be available at universities and workplaces. According to the centre's director, Professor Colleen Ward, when respondents were asked to rate how favourable their perceptions of immigrants from various religious backgrounds were, Muslims not only rated the lowest, but were also the only group that fell below the mid-point of the scale, with 43 percent.

Immigrants from Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran, and Somalia had lower favorability ratings than those from Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, South Africa, China, the Philippines, Korea, Samoa, Fiji, and Tonga.

"Despite having some of the world's most positive attitudes toward cultural and ethnic diversity, our research with members of New Zealand's Muslim community found that everyday racism, negative stereotypes, a lack of knowledge about Islam, and racism in the media were among the most commonly-cited challenges faced," Ward said. "However, New Zealand Muslims are keen to establish a sense of balance in their life, integrating their peaceful religious practise with their engagement in larger New Zealand culture." According to the 2013 census, there are 46,149 Muslims in New Zealand, up 28% from 36,072 in the 2006 census. New Zealand presently boasts a number of mosques and two Islamic schools in major cities.

Dr Danny Osborne, a psychology lecturer at the University of Auckland, said it was impossible to assess if New Zealand was less accepting of Muslims than other Western countries due to a lack of comparable data. He said that prejudice originated in part from "misconceptions that one group's ideals are incompatible with those of another." "However, there are individual variances, such as right-wing authoritarianism and a preference for social dominance," he noted. "I believe we're also seeing cases where opinion leaders and political elites, such as Donald Trump and others, are allowing white nationalism to take root a bit more." Professor Mohan Dutta, Massey University's dean's chair in communication, discussed how the myth of the "Islamic other" organised hatred, which is at the root of a wide range of violent behaviours.

The impact of media
Dr. John Shaver, a religion lecturer at Otago University, established a relationship between high media consumption and anti-Muslim prejudice in another study. His 2017 study discovered that not only did this association exist throughout the political spectrum, but also the more individuals watched the news, the more warped their beliefs got. "Our findings showed that unfavourable opinions against Muslims are a result of regular exposure to biassed and erroneous depictions of Muslims in the media," Shaver explained.
"We haven't looked at the impact of social media on Muslim sentiments, but this is an essential area for future study." Given the numerous allegations of Muslim harassment that have surfaced in the last week, Shaver believes it is critical that the media refocus on their job to educate. "Muslims are a minority, and information about minorities is virtually always secondhand," he explained. "If the media is portraying an enormously racially and politically varied population in a homogeneous, and hence inaccurate, way, then they should think about ways to better perform their main role." Previous analyses revealed that domestic topics made up less than 10% of the coverage of Muslims in New Zealand media.
In essence, the majority of New Zealanders were unaware of New Zealand's Muslims, he claimed. "In their place, images of Muslims are more likely to sell newspapers or generate website visitors, and are not an authentic representation of Muslims here or elsewhere," he added. "Given our findings and recent allegations of Muslim harassment in New Zealand, it becomes critical that the media consider its involvement in these incidents."

3.3 Frequent Earthquake
While Canterbury continues to recover from the earthquake disaster of 2010 and 2011, a temporary inflow of migrants has greatly aided the rebuilding effort. The population of Christchurch City is predicted to recoup after the initial population loss following the earthquakes, as disasters can accelerate prior population growth rates. The inflow of construction workers might potentially boost population growth (Love, 2011). The rebuilding of Canterbury has drawn both permanent and temporary migrants. Immigration New Zealand in 2014 published statistics on immigration for the most common permanent and temporary visa types. The Skilled Migrant Category, which leads to residency, is the most prevalent permanent migration visa, while the Essential Skills work visa, which does not lead to residency, is the most common temporary migration visa (New Zealand Now, 2016). Due to this disaster In July 2011, permanent migration departures outnumbered arrivals by 220. This is the longest continuous period of net emigration from New Zealand since 2001.

4.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, It can conclude that New Zealand are accepted migrants from various country such as United Kingdom, China, India, Australia, South Africa and so on. Ad we know that, the main reason why the people migrants from their country to New Zealand because of economy and employment. Besides, the New Zealand immigrations system aims that to enhance the well-being of the people by promoting the development. As we know that, the immigration is high in New Zealand and the residence admission are focuses on the high skilled that can enhance the economic outcomes at New Zealand. All the migration that stays in the New Zealand will help that country to boost their economic. Last but not least, manpower from immigrants is needed in advancing New Zealand in the future.

REFERENCES :
Migration, I. (2019, September 2019 11). Stats Nz. Retrieved from Integration Migration: July 2019: https://www.stats.govt.nz/topics/migration

Philips, J. (2005, Februari 8). History of Imigration . Retrieved from Hitory of Imigration: https://teara.govt.nz/en/history-of-immigration

Why NZ? (n.d.). Migration Associates. Retrieved November 25, 2021, retrieved from https://www.migrationassociates.com/why-nz
NZIC. (n.d.). Healthcare for Immigrants in New Zealand | New Zealand Immigration Concepts. Retrieved November 25, 2021, retrieved from https://www.new-zealand-immigration.com/blogs/healthcare-for-immigrants-in-new-zealand

Robin c. (2021, October 2). 10 jobs surprisingly easy to get in New Zealand. NZ Pocket Guide #1 New Zealand Travel Guide. Retrieved November 22, 2021, from https://nzpocketguide.com/10-jobs-surprisingly-easy-get-new-zealand/.

Pathways to employment. New Zealand Red Cross. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2021, from https://www.redcross.org.nz/stories/new-zealand/pathways-employment/.

National organisations that help migrants. careers.govt.nz. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2021, from https://www.careers.govt.nz/job-hunting/new-to-new-zealand/organisations-that-help-migrants-in-new-zealand/national-organisations-that-help-migrants/.

Construction Labour Market. Lincoln University Digital Dissertation.
Muhammad Imran, J. Y. (2015). Asian Migrants’ Experiences of Public Transport in Auckland. Back To Future 2015.

Transport demand implications of changing population age and ethnic diversity in Auckland: A thought piece. (2016). Paul Spoonley, Muhammad Imran, Natalie Jackson, Robin Peace and Trudie Cain.

Sibley, C. G., Afzali, M. U., Satherley, N., Ejova, A., Stronge, S., Yogeeswaran, K., ... & Huang, Y. (2020). Prejudice toward Muslims in New Zealand: Insights from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 49(1).

Thiruselvam, N. (2019). Care ethics and narratives of the'grateful refugee'and'model minority': A postcolonial feminist observation of New Zealand in the wake of the Christchurch terror attacks. Women's Studies Journal, 33(1/2), 62-70.

Smits, K. (2019). Multiculturalism, Biculturalism, and National Identity in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Multiculturalism in the British Commonwealth: Comparative Perspectives on Theory and Practice (Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2019), 109-14.

Every-Palmer, S., Cunningham, R., Jenkins, M., & Bell, E. (2020). The Christchurch mosque shooting, the media, and subsequent gun control reform in New Zealand: a descriptive analysis. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 1-12.

Besley, T., & Peters, M. A. (2020). Terrorism, trauma, tolerance: Bearing witness to white supremacist attack on Muslims in Christchurch, New Zealan

28/11/2021

WEEK 7:
ISSUES REGARDING MIGRATION IN NEW ZEALAND

THURSDAY (18/11/2021)Assalamualaikum and greetings everyone , especially to our lecturer: Sir Firdaus Ramli.Today, we ar...
18/11/2021

THURSDAY (18/11/2021)

Assalamualaikum and greetings everyone , especially to our lecturer: Sir Firdaus Ramli.

Today, we are going to share the info that we get about the issue of Political Asylum in Canada for this week. Here is the full essay. Enjoy your new reading and hope you all gain a lot of new knowledge regarding to our essay ! Thankyou everyone!

AUTHORS
1. MEGAT MUHAMMAD IKHWAN BIN MEGAT ZAINAL ABIDIN (2021100825)
2. NAJAH MUSFIRAH BINTI ISHAK (2021149751)
3. SITI NAZARATUL AISYAH BINTI MOHD IZAMIN (2021113679)
4. NORSHAHFIQAH BINTI MD IDRUS (2021114477)
5. NUR AINA AQHILAH BINTI ANUAR
(2021119547)

1.0 -INTRODUCTION

From Protestants escaping religious oppression in France in the 17th century to Syrians fleeing bombs in the 21st, the concept of a "refugee" has evolved through time. Until the 1951 Refugee Convention, the term "refugee" was not legally defined in international law. This was in reaction to the twentieth century's first major refugee catastrophe, the Second World War, which forcibly displaced around 50 million people worldwide. In 1967, there were little more than 2 million refugees worldwide. In 2017, there were 17 million, not including the 5 million Palestinians registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, rather than UNHCR. As the refugee population has evolved, so needs a more comprehensive definition of what constitutes a refugee. People are becoming refugees for more reasons than ever before, such to a growing global population, human strife, and environmental change.

The majority of refugees throughout history have been the direct or indirect result of conflict. One of the biggest reasons why people become refugees is because of war. The world's greatest refugee population is now fleeing the civil war in Syria, which has killed 400,000 Syrians and displaced 6.3 million domestically since 2011. Another 5 million have completely fled the country. Before Syria, however, large numbers of refugees left wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in the early 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. Between 1981 and 2013, Afghanistan had the highest number of refugees of any nation in the world, until it was surpassed by Syria that year. Aside from that, the most prevalent reason individuals become refugees is oppression, which can take various forms, including religious, national, social, racial, or political persecution. When it regarding religious refugees in the United States, the divide is quite even between Christians and Muslims.

Syria's protracted conflict has caused the world's largest humanitarian disaster. According to the UN, 13.1 million people within Syria require immediate assistance, including 6.1 million internally displaced individuals. Over 250,000 people are reported to have been killed in the fighting, with hundreds of thousands more injured. More than 5.5 million Syrians have sought safety in neighboring Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey. Thousands more have embarked on the perilous voyage to Europe in pursuit of a better life. Canada has generously contributed to numerous international initiatives to assist Syrians, especially those living as refugees in neighboring countries. In response to the Syrian crisis, Canada has provided over $1 billion in humanitarian, development, and security aid. In 2016, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau unveiled Canada's new policy to handle the ongoing crises in Iraq and Syria, including further increases in security, stability, humanitarian, and development aid over the next three years. One of the biggest initiatives taken by Canada is by granting political asylum to refugees. By offering numerous services to immigrants, especially refugees, Canada has established itself as an international leader in settlement and integration. The Settlement Program provides refugees with information about living in Canada and the town in which they plan to live, as well as language training, job placement assistance, and links with established immigrants and Canadians. Refugee resettlement programs are tailored to meet their individual short- and medium-term requirements. The Government of Canada is dedicated to ensuring that all newcomers, regardless of where they choose to settle, have equal access to the same level of services.

2.0 - WHAT/ WHERE/ WHY / HOW IN THE POLITICAL ASYLUM IN CANADA

2.1 - WHAT IS THE POLITICAL ASYLUM

The meaning of political asylum is known as the right that have been given by the government of that country to the people that who are leaving their own country because of certain reasons. The reasons can be said that the people leave their own country because of political reasons. Referring to the Connie Oxford, she defined that asylum is known as the immigration status that have been granted to the migrant who are experiencing fear to go back to their own country. As we know that, the asylum seekers are different with the other migrants that live in that country because migrants is known as the people who are leaving their own country because of the economic reason. So that, one of the countries in the world that giving the asylum to the people is Canada. Canada is the country that fights for human rights and also Canada has also practiced the values to fight for human rights in the right way. As an example, Canada is offering asylum politics to refugees to protect their rights as best as possible. Canada is an exemplary country because they have set a good example at the international level (Oxford, 2013).

2.2-WHERE ARE THE REFUGEES / INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION/ ASYLUM SEEKERS CAME FROM AND WHY THEY RUN TO CANADA TO APPLY POLITICAL ASYLUM

As we know that, there are many reasons that make many refugees from different country are migrant to Canada and apply for political asylum. First and foremost, let we see from the major refugees in Canada which is Syria. The Syrian refugee crisis, now in its 11th year, is the world's greatest refugee and displacement disaster of our time. Since the war in Syria began on March 15, 2011, families have been split apart by a violent war that has killed hundreds of thousands of people, torn the land apart, and pushed the country's standard of life decades behind. Approximately 6.8 million Syrians are refugees or asylum seekers, with another 6.7 million displaced persons. Overall, 13.5 million Syrians have been forcefully displaced, up more than half of the country's population. Syria has a population of around 11.1 million people that require humanitarian aid. Children make up almost half of those affected by the Syrian refugee crisis. In response to the humanitarian crisis in Syria, Canada launched Operation Syrian Refugees. They worked with Canadians from coast to coast, private donors, non-governmental organizations, provincial, territorial, and municipal governments, and international partners over the course of 100 days, beginning in November 2015, to welcome nearly 25,000 Syrian refugees by the end of February 2016. Moreover, despite Syria there are also other refugees who came to Canada and apply for political asylum such as Iran and many more. They become refugees may also cause by war and violence in their home country.
Therefore, Donald trump prevented many countries from entering united states and Canada accepted the refugees with an open heart. The Executive of the United State Order issued an executive order to temporarily prohibit the entry of immigrants and immigrants from seven countries whose residents are Muslims. Therefore, the countries banned from entering the United States by Donald Trump are Syria, Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Libya, Somalia, and Yemen (Berty, 2017). Starting April 2017, citizens of the country will no longer be allowed to migrate and settle in America as before. The decision Trump made was no desirable and looked down upon by many countries. Many countries say Trump acted in such a way because of tribal and religious factors. After Trump did not allow the people of that country to enter the United States, there was one country that welcomed the arrival of the refugee, namely Canada. As such, Justin Trudeau the President of Canada has given the refugees a chance to come to Canada. So that, Canada has welcomed the arrival of such refugees because Canada practices current human rights values in their country. Last but not least, the Canadian government plans that Canada received more than 39,670 Syrian refugees. So that, Canada is one of the countries that should be an example at the international level. To better handle the flow of refugee and asylum claims at their border, two nations have signed "safe third country" arrangements in the past. This agreement is based on the idea that both nations can provide asylum to those who need it. The Trump administration's agreements with Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras do not reflect these. Thus, Canada who have the agreement later accept the refugees and migrants who came into their country to find shelter.

2.3 - HOW THEY APPLY POLITICAL ASYLUM IN CANADA

Other than that, there is a lot of process that the refugees need to follow if they want to apply political asylum in Canada. So that, before applying the asylum from Canada, it can be classified into two refugee classes. As we know that, the first classes of refugees are Convention refugees abroad class. The criteria of the refugee are if the people are outside from the home country and cannot return because of the fear such as the race, religion, political opinion, nationality and have the issue of membership in a particular social group such as gender and sexual orientation. Next, the second classes of refugees are known as the country of asylum class. This criteria of the classes of refugees are outside the home country or the country that you have been live for normal, the people who are feel attack by the civil war or the armed conflict and last but not least is the human right on the ongoing basis are being denied. So that, the people can apply for asylum when they are meet the criteria as a refugee based on the pre -determined conditions. After knowing their status as a refugee are accepted, they can apply for asylum the UNCHR card which confirms a person gets international protection. As we all know, the UNCHR Card is very important because it will recognize the status of a refugee in the right way and in turn to apply for international asylum. So that, this UNCHR document will help refugees to live in other countries as they have obtained asylum protection from that country. Refugees will receive protection and will not be deported to return to their country of origin. This is because, a principle has been introduced which is non-refoulment which has been prescribed in international customary law. With this, each country is bound by international law even if it does not sign the 1591 Convention regarding the status of refugees or not. If refugees want to apply for asylum, they can fill in the application package through the application form. They need to apply the UNCHR card because they need to classify them as a convention refugee or as the humanitarian protected person abroad. The refugees must be to pass the medical exam security exam and criminal check. After passed, they will be given a UNCHR card (Canada, 2021). As we all know, the people can apply for political asylum in Canada through the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRBC) is the party responsible for resolving all issues related to refugees coming to Canada. In addition, IRBC is the party that will be responsible for granting asylum to applicants if they qualify. Lastly, for your information, to submit the application they want to apply in Canada, they can choose to send the application by going to any designated office or memo for the application at any port while entering Canada. The application requested must depend on the situation of the escape (Alinks, 2020).

3.0 - REVIEW OF POLITICAL IN CANADA

Now, we will review what the benefits of refugees got from the Canada Government.

3.1 PROTECTION FROM THE GOVERNMENT

One of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's campaign promises in 2015 was to welcome Syrian refugees fleeing civil strife into Canada. Canadians showed their support for the programmed by contributing donations and individually sponsoring refugee families from coast to coast.

Trudeau followed through on his electoral pledge to quickly relocate 25,000 Syrian refugees. Between November 2015 and February 2016, 26,172 Syrian refugees were relocated in Canada under the Operation Syrian Refugees resettlement project, with one of the first government-arranged planes landing on Dec. 10, 2015. Not just from Syria, but all refugees or immigrants from all around welcomed to Canada. At a period when many other nations were tightening their borders, Canada established a worldwide reputation for being open to migrants. "Canadians will welcome you, regardless of your beliefs," Trudeau tweeted after US President Donald Trump issued a ban on entrance to the US from seven Muslim-majority nations.

Canada government introduced The Resettlement Assistance Program (RAP) which will provide refugees who have been aided by the government with urgent and vital support for their most basic requirements. The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) is the most important federal law governing immigration to Canada. Division 9 of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRPA) provides statutory authority for the use and protection of secret or otherwise non-disclosable material in immigration procedures. Security certificates are issued by the Federal Court (section 77); admissibility proceedings are handled by the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB); detention reviews and appeals are handled by the Immigration Appeals Division (section 86); and judicial review proceedings and related appeals are handled by the Federal Court (section 87).

When it comes to Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship, the special requirements of government-assisted refugees are taken into account. The Refugee Resettlement Operations Centre of Canada decides on a final location inside the country. Survivors of torture or women at danger, for example, are relocated to facilities with corresponding accessible support wherever possible. Extensive requirements Financial help may be available to government-assisted refugees to defray travel costs related with relocation to Canada. Furthermore, government-assisted refugees with particular dietary needs owing to a health condition may be entitled for an extra allowance as part of their monthly financial aid from the Resettlement Assistance Program.

3.2 JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR REFUGEES/INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION.

Unless they get a work permit from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, refugees are not permitted to work in Canada (IRCC). After their refugee claims have been referred to the Immigration and Refugee Board's Refugee Protection Division, most refugee claimants can apply to IRCC for a work permit (IRB). In general, only individuals who are unable to meet their basic necessities without the support of the government are eligible for a work visa. They may also be required to submit the findings of a medical examination to IRCC before a work visa is issued. An application for a work permit must be completed and sent to IRCC. The application must also contain other documentation, such as a copy of a passport or travel document. Applicants must also include the following information:

1. proof that their Personal Information Form was submitted to the IRB as part of their refugee application, or
2. a copy of the completed Personal Information Form with the IRB's signature and stamp.

Refugees who have arrived in Canada, like other permanent residents, are instantly entitled to work lawfully in the country. Employment and Social Development Canada is in charge of federal employment and training initiatives (ESDC). Provinces and territories are likewise responsible for their own set of programmes and services. All Canadians, including newcomers and refugees, have access to labor market programmes, services, and information, including the Job Bank/Job Match tool. In addition, all jobless Canadians have access to assistance provided by community groups. Service Canada will interact with provinces, other federal agencies, and other partners to identify service needs and collaborate on assisting immigrants and refugees through the local planning process. In addition to these broader services, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada sponsors a variety of newcomer-focused employment-related programmed supplied by provincial governments and service provider organizations through its Settlement Program.

3.3 - EDUCATION

Next, let us see in term of the education.
Due to their immigration status, children of undocumented immigrants may be denied access to education. Many families welcomed the start of the new school year in September, but some children in Canada were unable to attend classrooms at the beginning of the month. Children of Canadian citizens, legal residents, refugees, asylum seekers, and other verified immigrants are entitled to a free education in Canada. Illegal immigrants' children are only allowed to attend school for free in Ontario, leaving these kids without an education in Canada's other 12 provinces and territories.
The Student Refugee Program (SRP) is a one-of-a-kind program that blends private sponsorship of refugees to Canada with post-secondary educational opportunities for young refugees. World University Service of Canada (WUSC), a leading non-profit Canadian international aid institution, is in charge of it. The SRP is not a scholarship program, instead, students are sponsored for a year and get basic financial and social assistance (UNHCR, 2020). In 2017, Immigration Canada admitted 33,000 refugees, 14,000 of them were privately funded.
However, for political asylum seekers, if they want to study in Canada, they need to apply for a study permit online. To register, they must have an offer letter from a recognized educational institution. When submitting a refugee claim, they are unable to get a study permit. They must submit a separate application for a study permit.

3.4- BASIC NECESSITIES

Asylum seekers in Canada will get their basic needs by having enough essential items, stable work that can support the family and by getting equal education with the Canadian citizens. For example, obtaining work permits in many of the places where Syrians have sought asylum is extremely difficult, and many flee with hardly any belongings or money. Refugees struggle to buy even the most basic essentials, such as the food they need to keep their families well and strong, because they lack income-generating opportunities. Food deprives refugees of their potential to be productive and begin reconstructing their lives.
Just the commodities they can carry are enough to bathe, clothe, shelter, and feed refugees' families, it's a huge responsibility to bear at a time when anxiety and uncertainty are already high. Cooking utensils and dishes assist refugees in reassembling their homes in the most basic of ways, allowing them to serve safe, nutritional meals for their children. Other basic necessities they need are hygienic items and newborn supplies.
Furthermore, asylum seekers in Canada also have the right to religious freedom, thought, speech, the press, and peaceful assembly, as well as the right to participate in political activities and the right to a democratic government, according to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. They also gain legal rights such as the right to life, liberty, and security, equality and linguistic rights. Asylum seekers also enjoy the freedom to roam freely within the country and reside wherever they desire. They may be obliged to report to governmental institutions on a regular basis, which is sometimes necessary before they are allowed to move.
If they are being treated kindly and fairly by the Canadian government, it should not be a problem to the asylum seekers to get their daily basic necessities around the city as they are able to move freely there. They can also live comfortably and get anything they want without any obstacles.

4.0- CONCLUSION

Foreign people who fear persecution, are at great danger of violence, and cannot find asylum in their own country sometimes seek sanctuary in Canada. People who are recognized as refugees are permitted to remain in Canada and may seek permanent residency status, as well as eventually becoming Canadian citizens. The government is still monitoring and evaluating how the more than 25,000 Syrian refugees who were resettled in Canada between November 2015 and March 2016 are adjusting to life in Canada. This research will assist the department in determining the lessons gained from this effort and areas to monitor in the future. The findings of this study will be made public in the following months. Furthermore, on September 8, 2016, IRCC and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council announced a joint investment of more than $600,000 in short-term funding to sponsor 25 research projects on problems affecting the effective resettlement of refugees. Political asylum granted by the Canadian government has given so many life changes opportunities for Syrian refugees. Most of the refugees are able to make life and give their families a new home to life.

REFERENCES:
Immigration, R. and C. C. (2020, December 9). Government of Canada. Canada.ca. Retrieved November 17, 2021, from https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/refugees/welcome-syrian-refugees.html.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (n.d.). What is a refugee? UNHCR. Retrieved November 17, 2021, from https://www.unhcr.org/en-my/what-is-a-refugee.html.

PhineasJFR. (n.d.). 5 of the biggest reasons why people become refugees. Global Citizen. Retrieved November 17, 2021, from https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/reasons-why-people-become-refugees/.

Immigration, R. and C. C. (2021, January 11). Syrian Refugees In Canada. Canada.ca. Retrieved November 17, 2021, from https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/refugees/welcome-syrian-refugees/key-figures.html.

Alinks. (2020, April 18). Cara Memohon Perlindungan Antarabangsa di Kanada. Retrieved from Alinks: https://ms.alinks.org/how-to-apply-for-international-protection-in-canada/

Berty, T. T. (2017, January 2019). Donuld Trump Larang warganegra Negara Muslim Masuk AS . Retrieved from Liputan 6: https://m.liputan6.com/global/read/3880577/27-1-2017-donald-trump-larang-warga-7-negara-muslim-masuk-as

Canada, G. o. (2021, November 23). Resettle in Canada as a refugee. Retrieved from Government of Canada: https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/refugees/help-outside-canada.html

Koresponden, N. (2020, Februari 1). Trump Tambah Daftar Negara yang Dilarang Berimgirasi Ke Amerika. Retrieved from Tempo.co: https://dunia.tempo.co/amp/1302358/trump-tambah-daftar-negara-yang-dilarang-bermigrasi-ke-amerika

Ottowa. (2017, January 29). Retrieved from Kanada terima perlarian dengan hati yang terbuka: https://www.bharian.com.my/amp/taxonomy/term/4/2017/01/241277/kanada-terima-pelarian-dengan-tangan-terbuka

Oxford, C. (2013). Asylum. The Encyllopedia of Global Human Migration, 1.

Agrawal, S. K. (2019). Canadian refugee sponsorship programs: Experience of Syrian refugees in Alberta, Canada. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 20(4), 941-962.

Kikulwe, D., Massing, C., Ghadi, N., Giesbrecht, C. J., & Halabuza, D. (2021). From Independence to dependence: Experiences of Syrian refugees. International Migration.

Mercy Corps. (n.d.). What do refugees need after leaving everything behind? Retrieved November 17, 2021, from https://www.mercycorps.org/blog/what-refugees-need-after-leaving

UNHCR. (n.d.). Student Refugee Program (SRP). UNHCR Opportunities. Retrieved November 17, 2021, from https://services.unhcr.org/opportunities/education-opportunities/student-refugee-program-srp

Provincial Immigration Regulations Deny Children Access to Schooling. (2014, September 13). FWCanada. Retrieved November 17, 2021, from https://www.canadianimmigration.net/news-articles/provincial-immigration-regulations-deny-children-access-to-schooling/

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