Maritime Technology and Naval Architecture

11/04/2026

Gross Tonnage (GT) and Net Tonnage (NT) are volumetric measurements used to define a ship's size and earning capacity rather than its physical weight. Gross Tonnage represents the total enclosed internal volume of the entire vessel, providing a baseline for safety regulations, manning requirements, and registration fees. Net Tonnage, on the other hand, is derived by subtracting non-revenue-generating spaces—such as the engine room and crew quarters—from the Gross Tonnage. This figure focuses strictly on the volume available for cargo or passengers and serves as the primary basis for calculating port dues and harbor taxes.
​In contrast to these volumetric figures, Deadweight Tonnage (DWT) is a measurement of weight, representing the total mass a ship can safely carry at its maximum draft. This includes the weight of the cargo, fuel, fresh water, provisions, and the crew, essentially measuring the ship's total load capacity. While GT and NT are critical for legal and regulatory frameworks, DWT is the most important metric for commercial logistics and chartering, as it defines the actual payload a vessel can transport across the ocean. Together, these three metrics provide a complete picture of a ship's dimensions, tax liabilities, and operational limits.

08/02/2026

Ships are learning to "fly" on a carpet of bubbles. 🫧

Friction is the silent thief of maritime efficiency. In our scramble for IMO 2030 compliance, Air Lubrication Systems are emerging as a front-runner.

Air Lubrication Systems (ALS) are turning traditional naval architecture on its head. The physics is simple, but the engineering is pure genius:

By deploying a constant stream of micro-bubbles under a ship’s flat bottom, we create an "air carpet."
Since water is approx 800 times denser than air, this layer drastically slashes skin friction.

The result?

* 5-12% Fuel Savings: The engine works less to maintain the same speed.

* Reduced Carbon Intensity: A direct path to EEXI and CII compliance.

The "Catch":
It’s not just "blowing bubbles." It’s a precision game. If those bubbles escape or enter the propeller inflow, you risk cavitation—an engineer’s worst nightmare that can erode blades and kill efficiency.

The Big Question:
Is Air Lubrication destined to be a standard "must-have" for all newbuilds, or do the CAPEX and compressor maintenance costs keep it a niche luxury?

05/02/2026

What is Convention, Protocol, Code and Annex ?

1. Convention

A convention is a main international law agreed by countries.
Once a country ratifies it, they must follow it.

🔹 Purpose: set legal obligations
🔹 Example:
• SOLAS – safety of life at sea
• MARPOL – prevention of pollution
• STCW – training and certification of seafarers

2. Protocol

A protocol is an addition or amendment to an existing convention.

🔹 Purpose: update, modify, or strengthen a convention
🔹 A country must ratify the protocol separately (sometimes)

🔹 Example:
• MARPOL 73/78 → 1978 Protocol updated MARPOL 1973
• CLC Protocols → increase liability limits

3. Code

A code gives technical and detailed rules on how to comply with a convention.

🔹 Purpose: explain how to implement the convention
🔹 Can be mandatory or recommendatory

🔹 Example:
• ISM Code – safety management
• IG Code – gas-fuelled ships
• IMDG Code – dangerous goods

4. Annex

An annex is a technical section attached to a convention.

🔹 Purpose: cover specific subjects in detail
🔹 Often mandatory

🔹 Example (MARPOL Annexes):
• Annex I – Oil
• Annex II – Noxious liquid substances
• Annex III – Harmful substances in packaged form
• Annex IV – Sewage
• Annex V – Garbage
• Annex VI – Air pollution

14/01/2026

Latihan Elektropneumatik 14/01/2026
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28/12/2025

Importance of the Boiler Blow down

28/12/2025

Importance of Boiler Blow down

15/12/2025

Comparison between the Smoke tube boiler and the Water tube Boiler.

15/12/2025

Comparison between Smoke tube boiler and Water tube boiler.