Pharmacology Education

26/06/2020

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23/12/2017

Merry Christmas for all and Happy new year

13/12/2017

My first visit to India .. with postgrad JSS college of Pharmacy, Ooty. In a trip to AUSH medicinal plants research centre.

I couldn’t imagine a world without India !!

15/11/2017

Drug’s feelings and emotions - part 1
Understanding the effect of pH on a drug.

Remember, drugs have emotions exactly like humans. To prove this, I will begin with human feelings when they meet strangers or in a place where they have no idea why they are in this situation. If you have encountered this in real life, you feel worried, anxious, out of your depth, thinking people are observing you, talking or laughing about you if you ask or move your body parts, so you can hardly do any movement or word. You are charged (ionised) because of the unfriendly environment around you. Similarly drugs.. when you swallow a weak acidic drug and it travelled in dark GIT without clue what will face it and find itself in basic pH of the intestine, surely it will feel uncomfortable (ionised) and unable to move freely on the cell membrane. But this acidic drug in the stomach ( acidic pH), he finds environment as he is with friends.. he jokes, laughs, runs, jumps .. everything around him is friendly therefore he is very comfortable (non ionised) and pass freely through cell membrane.

Be with friends .. nonionised, lipophylic
Be with strangers.. ionised and hydrophilic

Hope you never forget drug feelings.

04/11/2017

The concept of Drug half-life
Half-life is imprtant concept allows you to answer how frequent you can give a given drug (Once, twice or trice a day). To understand the concept you have to get a knowledge about "exponential decay" which in simple word how you understand your monthly income. How nice if the money remains as it is no matter how we spend .. it is a dream. The sad reality, that the moment you recieve the money ... you will notice that you have to pay many things (rent, bills, loans if you have) and these I will call it "Elemination" as you cannot get it back. You may put some saving or lending a friend some money and let's call that "Distribution" as we can get it back. Therefore, the money is reduced sharply when you have "good" amount of money, followed by less and less expenses for living. Towards the end of the month your expenses indicates that you are out of cash (minimal expenses) because the remaining balance of money it too low.
The concept that your expediture is depend on your balance (high balance bring sharp drop) and (low balance making your expenses to minimal) is Exponential decay.
Now let's apply the same priniciple on a drug. If we inject a patient suffering of pain with a pain killer in vein, how it would be lovely if this drug remains in the body for infinte .. No pain feeling in future al all.. again this a dream. The reality that the drug will circulate with blood in the body. The drug will reach to area of action (distribution) as well as to organs of "Elemination" Liver and Kidney. The liver is like a beauty saloon it overmakes on the drug to make it more appealling and attractive by the kidney in a process we call it metabolism. The kidney flushes out those metabolyte of the drug or even the drug itself into the toilet. Both distribution and elemination causing sharp reduction of drug concentration in plasma at the initial phase .. then when ever the drug concentration in plasma falls the amount of eleminated drug will be less and less .. remember yourself at the end of the month.... Here, the concept of half-life is the time interval for a drug to fall to half of initial concentration. This time is depend on how fast the drug eleminated or how wide the drug is distributed. The fast elemination causes short half life while large distribution prolongs half-life. The interesting thing that , time of half life is remained same for the drug .. I mean if 10 mg in plasma of drug drops to 5 mg within an hour, so in the next hour also the plasma concentration will fall from 5 into 2.5 mg and third hour 1.25 and so on. After 5 hours (half-lives) we are expecting the drug to be out of the body regardless of the initial concentration (10, 100, 1000) if the eleminating organs and distribution are constant.

hope you find it easy now.
Pharmacology rocks

26/06/2017

HAPPY EID FOR EVERY ONE !

22/04/2017

A prescribing dilemma
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) long time use is casuing peptic ulceration or may lead to upper GIT bleeds. New generation COXIBs long use are causing myocardial ishemia. Any patient with GIT symptoms we encourge new COXIBs to be used. Pateints with a history of myocadial ischemia or family history we prescribe old NSAIDs.
The dilemma : prescribing NSAIDs exactly as you asking the patient:
HOW DO PREFER TO DIE ? BLEEDING PER STOMACH OR HEART ATTACK !!

18/04/2017

Funny Tale to understand atropine like drugs

Explaining the anticholenrgic lecture in a different way
Once upon a time ... in a far far away kindom ... There was an ugly princess
The ugly princess asked her fairy godmother to make a portion to make her a pretty princess.
The godmother prepare a portion composed of belladona alkaloid (a natural compound of atropine) .. and guess what happened
The eyes become black wide beautiful eyes --> dilated pupil ..atropine blocks M3 on circular muscle of iris. But because the effect of atropine on ciliary body, she can't see the close prince charming face
Dry Skin --> good for make up ... atropine block M3 of sweat gland (Sympathetic innervation)
Red flushing over cheeks ---> looks like natural reddness ... but it produced by the effect of atropine which increases heart beat by blocking M2 and atropine also blocks M3 on bronchi leading to bronchdilation and high oxygen goes in and increase production of ATP ...HEAT ...HEAT and HEAT .. but remember sweating (cooling system) is blocked leading to increase body temperature which leads to vasodilation of face veins and looks reddish.
Usually there are a lot of food in the palace...Have you ever seen a princess eat? She can't because atropine blocks M3 on salivary gland make the mouth dry and unable to swallow or even to talk.
Princess spend a lot of time to wear her dress .. it will be embarrassing if she need to visit a rest room after an hour...atropine blocks M3 on the intestine --> no peristalsis as well as on the bladder .. no voiding. wonderful ...

Hope it helps

17/04/2017

The types of RECEPTORS and INTERACTION to DRUGS seems like MALE-FEMALE relationships..
1. Ion channel ..LIKE TWO CRUSH ON EACH OTHER .. very fast emotions, developed immediately from first look.. but fast they discovered the truth ..they separate. The action is very short. examples : nicotinic receptors
2. G-protein coupled receptors..someone searching for a relationship. they can be specific or non specific in their choice because they value the relationship more so it may last but not that long. This type of receptors can miss (up-regulation) or feel annoyed and down (down-regulation) and their response sometimes are huge which reflect their massive emotions but less mind work. The action takes minutes. Examples: adrenergic receptors
3. tyrosine kinase or enzyme linked.. MATURE RELATION, they know exactly who they bind to and their response last longer as they know how to response in first minutes or after several years (joking) .. I mean days. example: Insulin receptor
4. Intracelluar receptors.. THE PRINCESS IN THE CASTLE. they are waiting for the prince charming inside the cell, and when he is their they migrate to control her kingdom (some genes on DNA) so their response is the longest ever among all receptors. Example: thyroid hormone receptors.

18/10/2016

نوع جديد من الأنسولين https://www.alamassukari.com/rebounds-sugary/4273-a-new-type-of-insulin

طرحت مجموعه المعامل الفرنسية "سانوفي" نوعا