09/09/2026
“Trust in clinical guidelines should also be informed by information on who developed them, how they were developed, and what types of studies and evidence are referenced. Solid clinical decision-making weighs the potential benefits against the potential harms of inaction, draws on evidence from peer-reviewed literature, clinical experience, informed patient consent, and other contextual factors. This ensures that evidence is not merely read, but assessed and interpreted, allowing practitioners to apply evidence responsibly while acknowledging inherent limitations.”
How can we better understand lactation research and how studies are designed when we’re assessing resources to share with our clients, colleagues, peers, and community? A recent article by the International Lactation Consultant Association (ILCA) describes different elements of study design, including primary versus secondary research, observational versus experimental study designs, and what the evidence pyramid is for breastfeeding and human lactation research. Each level of the pyramid is then broken down and outlined for the value it can add to conversations about breast/chestfeeding and lactation, and what some of the downsides are for each level.
You can read more about editorials, case reports, case-control studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and clinical practice guidelines here: https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344251406587