Lex Veritas: Debate Society

Lex Veritas: Debate Society Truth through Debate. The official academic debate society of WCC Senior High School.

๐—Ÿ๐—˜๐—ซ ๐—ฉ๐—˜๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—ง๐—”๐—ฆ: ๐——๐—˜๐—•๐—”๐—ง๐—˜ ๐—ฆ๐—ข๐—–๐—œ๐—˜๐—ง๐—ฌ๐— ๐—ข๐—–๐—ž ๐—ง๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—”๐—Ÿ & ๐—ฃ๐—ฅ๐—˜-๐—ง๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—”๐—Ÿ ๐—ฆ๐—œ๐— ๐—จ๐—Ÿ๐—”๐—ง๐—œ๐—ข๐—ก ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐ŸฒIn pursuit of academic excellence and the advancement o...
26/04/2026

๐—Ÿ๐—˜๐—ซ ๐—ฉ๐—˜๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—ง๐—”๐—ฆ: ๐——๐—˜๐—•๐—”๐—ง๐—˜ ๐—ฆ๐—ข๐—–๐—œ๐—˜๐—ง๐—ฌ
๐— ๐—ข๐—–๐—ž ๐—ง๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—”๐—Ÿ & ๐—ฃ๐—ฅ๐—˜-๐—ง๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—”๐—Ÿ ๐—ฆ๐—œ๐— ๐—จ๐—Ÿ๐—”๐—ง๐—œ๐—ข๐—ก ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฒ

In pursuit of academic excellence and the advancement of legal literacy, the Lex Veritas: Debate Society successfully conducted its Mock Trial & Pre-Trial Simulation 2026. This culminating activity served to faithfully replicate the procedural and substantive framework of criminal litigation as it exists under Philippine law.

Participants stepped into the roles of judges, counsels, witnesses, and court personnel, engaging in a rigorous and immersive exercise that demanded a true mastery of the law alongside discipline, precision, and advocacy. The simulation highlighted the practical application of the Revised Penal Code, the Rules of Court, and the Rules of Evidence in the adjudication of a criminal case.

This event stands as a testament to the Societyโ€™s commitment to shaping future legal minds that are grounded in reason, guided by justice, and committed to the truth.

๐—–๐—ฎ๐˜€๐—ฒ: ๐™‹๐™š๐™ค๐™ฅ๐™ก๐™š ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™‹๐™๐™ž๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฅ๐™ฅ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™ซ๐™จ. ๐™ˆ๐™–๐™ง๐™  ๐˜ผ๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™ฎ ๐™๐™š๐™ฎ๐™š๐™จ
๐™‘๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ช๐™š: Audio Visual Room (AVR), World Citi Colleges, Quezon City
๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ: April 23, 2026 | 2:30PM - 6:00PM
๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—™๐—น๐—ผ๐˜„: The proceedings followed the standard judicial track, beginning with the Arraignment and the Pre-Trial Conference, followed by the Trial Proper for the presentation of evidence, and concluding with the Promulgation of Judgment.

The entirety of the simulation was conducted under the expert supervision and guidance of our esteemed Legal Resource Person, Atty. Clayde Von Jape Pogado. His expertise ensured the accuracy, propriety, and pedagogical value of the exercise.

As this marks the Societyโ€™s final event for the Academic Year 2025โ€“2026, we extend our sincere appreciation to all participants for their dedication, professionalism, and invaluable contributions to the success of this undertaking.

Lex Veritas remains steadfast in its mission to uphold truth, reason, and justice through experiential legal education.

๐—ฆ๐—ฝ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—น & ๐—–๐—ผ๐—น๐—น๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ฏ๐˜†: Alyanie May D. Caballero

๐—Ÿ๐—˜๐—ซ ๐—ฉ๐—˜๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—ง๐—”๐—ฆ: ๐——๐—˜๐—•๐—”๐—ง๐—˜ ๐—ฆ๐—ข๐—–๐—œ๐—˜๐—ง๐—ฌ๐— ๐—ข๐—–๐—ž ๐—ง๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—”๐—Ÿ & ๐—ฃ๐—ฅ๐—˜-๐—ง๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—”๐—Ÿ ๐—ฆ๐—œ๐— ๐—จ๐—Ÿ๐—”๐—ง๐—œ๐—ข๐—ก ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐ŸฒIn pursuit of academic excellence and the advancement o...
21/04/2026

๐—Ÿ๐—˜๐—ซ ๐—ฉ๐—˜๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—ง๐—”๐—ฆ: ๐——๐—˜๐—•๐—”๐—ง๐—˜ ๐—ฆ๐—ข๐—–๐—œ๐—˜๐—ง๐—ฌ
๐— ๐—ข๐—–๐—ž ๐—ง๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—”๐—Ÿ & ๐—ฃ๐—ฅ๐—˜-๐—ง๐—ฅ๐—œ๐—”๐—Ÿ ๐—ฆ๐—œ๐— ๐—จ๐—Ÿ๐—”๐—ง๐—œ๐—ข๐—ก ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฒ

In pursuit of academic excellence and the advancement of legal literacy, the Lex Veritas: Debate Society will conduct its Mock Trial and Pre-Trial Simulation 2026, a comprehensive exercise designed to faithfully mirror the procedural and substantive dimensions of criminal litigation under our Philippine law.

This event will featured a full simulation of a criminal proceeding entitled ๐™‹๐™š๐™ค๐™ฅ๐™ก๐™š ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™‹๐™๐™ž๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฅ๐™ฅ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™ซ๐™จ. ๐™ˆ๐™–๐™ง๐™  ๐˜ผ๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™ฎ ๐™๐™š๐™ฎ๐™š๐™จ, involving the application of the ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ฃ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—–๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ, particularly ๐˜ผ๐™ง๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™˜๐™ก๐™š๐™จ 308 and 309, in relation to ๐™๐™š๐™ฅ๐™ช๐™—๐™ก๐™ž๐™˜ ๐˜ผ๐™˜๐™ฉ ๐™‰๐™ค. 10951, as well as the observance of the Rules on ๐˜พ๐™ง๐™ž๐™ข๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ก ๐™‹๐™ง๐™ค๐™˜๐™š๐™™๐™ช๐™ง๐™š and the ๐™๐™ช๐™ก๐™š๐™จ ๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™€๐™ซ๐™ž๐™™๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™š. Participants and members assumed the roles of judges, counsels, witnesses, and court personnel, thereby engaging in a rigorous and immersive legal process.

๐—–๐—ฎ๐˜€๐—ฒ ๐—œ๐—ป๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—บ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป:
โ€ข People of the Philippines vs. Mark Anthony Reyes
โ€ข Theft under Articles 308 and 309 of the Revised Penal Code in relation to R.A. 10951

๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ฃ๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ:
โ€ข April 23, 2026 (Thursday)
โ€ข 2:00 PM โ€“ 6:00 PM
โ€ข Senior High School Audio Visual Room (AVR), World Citi Colleges โ€“ Quezon City

๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—™๐—น๐—ผ๐˜„ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—˜๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜:
โ€ข Arraignment
โ€ข Pre-Trial Conference
โ€ข Trial Proper (Presentation of Evidence and Witness Examination)
โ€ข Promulgation of Judgment

This initiative served as a platform for the practical application of courtroom decorum, legal reasoning, evidentiary principles, and advocacy skills, reinforcing the Societyโ€™s commitment to cultivating future legal minds grounded in discipline, integrity, and jurisprudential awareness.

The entirety of the proceedings was conducted under the supervision and guidance of our esteemed ๐—Ÿ๐—ฒ๐—ด๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐—ฃ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€๐—ผ๐—ป, ๐˜ผ๐™ฉ๐™ฉ๐™ฎ. ๐˜พ๐™ก๐™–๐™ฎ๐™™๐™š ๐™‘๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™…๐™–๐™ฅ๐™š ๐™‹๐™ค๐™œ๐™–๐™™๐™ค, whose expertise ensured the accuracy, propriety, and educational value of the simulation.

Lex Veritas remains steadfast in its mission to uphold truth, reason, and justice through experiential legal education.

๐˜พ๐™ช๐™ง๐™จ๐™ช๐™จ ๐˜พ๐™ช๐™ง๐™ž๐™–๐™š ๐™š๐™จ๐™ฉ ๐™‡๐™š๐™ญ ๐˜พ๐™ช๐™ง๐™ž๐™–๐™š

๐—ฆ๐—ฝ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—น ๐—ฏ๐˜†: Gerald Andrei O. Arizala
๐—–๐—ผ๐—น๐—น๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ฏ๐˜†: Alyanie May D. Caballero

โš–๏ธ ๐‹๐„๐— ๐•๐„๐‘๐ˆ๐“๐€๐’ ๐Œ๐Ž๐‚๐Š ๐“๐‘๐ˆ๐€๐‹ ๐ˆ๐๐“๐„๐๐’๐ˆ๐•๐„ ๐“๐‘๐€๐ˆ๐๐ˆ๐๐†: ๐–๐„๐„๐Š ๐Ÿ โš–๏ธOn ๐Œ๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก ๐Ÿ•, ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ”, the Lex Veritas Debate Society convened for a r...
09/03/2026

โš–๏ธ ๐‹๐„๐— ๐•๐„๐‘๐ˆ๐“๐€๐’ ๐Œ๐Ž๐‚๐Š ๐“๐‘๐ˆ๐€๐‹ ๐ˆ๐๐“๐„๐๐’๐ˆ๐•๐„ ๐“๐‘๐€๐ˆ๐๐ˆ๐๐†: ๐–๐„๐„๐Š ๐Ÿ โš–๏ธ

On ๐Œ๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก ๐Ÿ•, ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ”, the Lex Veritas Debate Society convened for a rigorous exploration of the Philippine adversarial system. Our Week 2 session, titled "๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐“๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐…๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐๐ซ๐ž-๐“๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ฅ" provided participants with a comprehensive overview of the procedural trajectory of a criminal action, extending from the initial arraignment to the final promulgation of judgment.

Discussants:
๐‘ผ๐’๐’…๐’†๐’“ ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’”๐’–๐’‘๐’†๐’“๐’—๐’Š๐’”๐’Š๐’๐’ ๐’๐’‡ ๐‘จ๐’•๐’•๐’š. ๐‘ช๐’๐’‚๐’š๐’…๐’† ๐‘ท๐’๐’ˆ๐’‚๐’…๐’

- Plizha Summer โ€“ Proper Trial Flow, Arraignment, and Pre-Trial
- Liner Bernaldo โ€“ Trial Proper (Prosecution and Defense) and Decision
- Gerald Arizala โ€“ Case Recitation & Digest

๐€๐ซ๐ซ๐š๐ข๐ ๐ง๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐“๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐œ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ
- Unlike common law jurisdictions utilizing jury systems, criminal cases in the Philippines are decided by a judge of the court. We examined the Arraignment stage, where the personal presence of the accused is a jurisdictional requirement to enter a plea. Whether the accused pleads Guilty, Not Guilty, or stands mute, this stage is a condition precedent to the commencement of the trial proper.

๐๐ซ๐ž-๐“๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ฅ
- Participants deliberated on how Pre-Trial Conferences organize proceedings through essential procedural mechanisms:

๐๐ฅ๐ž๐š ๐๐š๐ซ๐ ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ข๐ง๐ : Negotiating for a lesser offense.
๐’๐ญ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐…๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ฌ: Admitting undisputed facts to dispense with unnecessary testimony.
๐Œ๐š๐ซ๐ค๐ข๐ง๐  ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐„๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž: The identification and pre-marking of exhibits and witnesses.
These steps are vital to narrowing the issues and ensuring the speedy disposition of cases.

๐๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐„๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž & ๐ƒ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ž ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ
- The Prosecution carries the onus probandi (burden of proof) to establish the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt. Conversely, the Defense may challenge the sufficiency of the Prosecutionโ€™s evidence through several remedies:

๐ƒ๐ž๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ž๐ซ ๐ญ๐จ ๐„๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž: A motion to dismiss based on the insufficiency of the prosecution's evidence.
๐€๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐ƒ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ: Presenting alibis or justifications.
๐๐ซ๐จ๐œ๐ž๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐š๐ฅ ๐‚๐ก๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ž๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ฌ: Exposing lapses in warrantless arrests or the chain of custody.

๐‹๐š๐ง๐๐ฆ๐š๐ซ๐ค ๐ƒ๐จ๐œ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐‚๐ซ๐ข๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐œ๐ž๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž
- Participants analyzed two seminal Supreme Court rulings:

๐๐ž๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ฏ. ๐Œ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐จ [๐†.๐‘. ๐๐จ๐ฌ. ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ’๐Ÿ•๐Ÿ”๐Ÿ•๐Ÿ–-๐Ÿ–๐Ÿ•, ๐‰๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ•, ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ’]: Established the "Intermediate Review" system, requiring the Court of Appeals to review cases involving life imprisonment or the death penalty before elevation to the Supreme Court.
๐“๐ข๐ฃ๐š๐ฆ ๐ฏ. ๐๐ž๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž [๐†.๐‘. ๐๐จ. ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ๐Ÿ•๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ, ๐‰๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ, ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ‘]: a case involving simple theft that reaffirmed the Equipoise Rule, which states that when the evidence of the prosecution and defense is equally balanced, the court must rule in favor of the accused.

๐Œ๐š๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐‹๐ž๐ ๐š๐ฅ ๐€๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ & ๐–๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ 
- Members practiced fundamental frameworks for structured legal reasoning:

๐ˆ๐‘๐€๐‚ ๐Œ๐ž๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ (Issue, Rule, Analysis, Conclusion): Used for drafting concise and persuasive Case Digests.
๐€๐‹๐€๐‚ ๐Œ๐ž๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ (Answer, Legal Basis, Analysis, Conclusion): Utilized for mastering Oral Recitations and responding to judicial inquiries.

๐’๐ฉ๐ข๐ž๐ฅ ๐›๐ฒ: Gerald Andrei O. Arizala | Minister
๐‚๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ฅ ๐›๐ฒ: Alyanie May D. Caballero | Public Information Officer

The Officers and Members of Lex Veritas: Debate Society hereby formally recognize and affirm the appointment of ๐‚๐ฅ๐š๐ข๐ซ๐ž ๐Œ...
01/03/2026

The Officers and Members of Lex Veritas: Debate Society hereby formally recognize and affirm the appointment of ๐‚๐ฅ๐š๐ข๐ซ๐ž ๐Œ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ง๐จ as the duly inducted ๐’๐ž๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ฒ-๐†๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ฅ.

Pursuant to the collective confidence reposed in her competence, diligence, and unwavering adherence to the principles of reasoned discourse, she hereby assumes the administrative and institutional stewardship of this Society. This designation is not merely titular but ๐Ÿ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ข๐š๐ซ๐ฒ in nature, charging her with the preservation of institutional order, the maintenance of procedural integrity, and the faithful ex*****on of the Societyโ€™s task mandates.

In her capacity as Secretary-General, she is hereby vested with the authority to ensure that all deliberations, resolutions, and official acts of Lex Veritas are duly recorded, authenticated, and promulgated in strict accordance with the governing framework. As the custodian of institutional memory and the guarantor of operational continuity, she shall safeguard both the formal requirements and the substantive merits of the Societyโ€™s undertakings.

It is the mandate of this body that her tenure be characterized by prudence, impartiality, and administrative exactitude, attributes indispensable to the orderly conduct of debate and the principled pursuit of truth. May her leadership fortify our commitment to lex et veritas, and may her service redound to the ๐ก๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ซ, ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ, and enduring ๐ž๐ฑ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž of Lex Veritas: Debate Society.

๐’๐จ ๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ ๐ง๐ข๐ณ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ๐ž๐.

๐’๐ฉ๐ข๐ž๐ฅ & ๐‚๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ฅ ๐›๐ฒ: Alyanie May D. Caballero

Whereas, on ๐…๐ž๐›๐ซ๐ฎ๐š๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ•, ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ”, ๐‹๐ž๐ฑ ๐•๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐š๐ฌ: ๐ƒ๐ž๐›๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐’๐จ๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ญ๐ฒ convened via ๐†๐จ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ž ๐Œ๐ž๐ž๐ญ for the inaugural session of the ๐Œ๐จ๐œ...
11/02/2026

Whereas, on ๐…๐ž๐›๐ซ๐ฎ๐š๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ•, ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ”, ๐‹๐ž๐ฑ ๐•๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐š๐ฌ: ๐ƒ๐ž๐›๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐’๐จ๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ญ๐ฒ convened via ๐†๐จ๐จ๐ ๐ฅ๐ž ๐Œ๐ž๐ž๐ญ for the inaugural session of the ๐Œ๐จ๐œ๐ค ๐“๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐“๐ซ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  discussed by ๐€๐ญ๐ญ๐ฒ. ๐‚๐ฅ๐š๐ฒ๐๐ž ๐•๐จ๐ง ๐‰๐š๐ฉ๐ž ๐๐จ๐ ๐š๐๐จ, to explore the mechanics of trial-level litigation; this pedagogical exercise successfully distinguished the Mock Trial, which focuses on the presentation of empirical evidence, from Moot Court, which prioritizes appellate advocacy, and formal Debate, which centers on logical conclusions rather than specific attorney roles. Considering that, the session examined the adversarial nature of criminal cases in the Philippines, where the Prosecution represents the People of the Philippines as the "๐‹๐š๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž," while the Defense ensures the State meets its heavy burden of proof.

Furthermore, the discussion highlighted the essential roles of the ๐‚๐ฅ๐ž๐ซ๐ค ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ญ, ๐๐š๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐Ÿ๐Ÿ, and ๐’๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐จ๐ ๐ซ๐š๐ฉ๐ก๐ž๐ซ in facilitating the flow of the trial, and clarified that the ๐๐ฎ๐›๐ฅ๐ข๐œ ๐€๐ญ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ง๐ž๐ฒโ€™๐ฌ ๐Ž๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐ž (๐๐€๐Ž) provides free legal assistance specifically to indigent persons whose monthly income does not exceed โ‚ฑ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ,๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ.

The discussion transitioned into the technical foundations of criminal liability, anchored by the principle of ๐’๐’–๐’๐’๐’–๐’Ž ๐’„๐’“๐’Š๐’Ž๐’†๐’, ๐’๐’–๐’๐’๐’‚ ๐’‘๐’๐’†๐’๐’‚ ๐’”๐’Š๐’๐’† ๐’๐’†๐’ˆ๐’† and the doctrine of ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ, which dictates that criminal laws cannot be applied retroactively. We analyzed how liability requires the concurrence of a physical act (๐€๐œ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐‘๐ž๐ฎ๐ฌ) and a guilty mind (๐Œ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ ๐‘๐ž๐š), categorized under the Revised Penal Code as either dolo (๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ) or culpa (๐๐ž๐ ๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž). In view of the foregoing, the society utilized "๐…๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ ๐Œ๐š๐ญ๐ก" to analyze how specific qualifying elements transform a charge, such as the use of violence elevating ๐“๐ก๐ž๐Ÿ๐ญ to ๐‘๐จ๐›๐›๐ž๐ซ๐ฒ, while distinguishing ๐’Ž๐’‚๐’๐’‚ ๐’Š๐’ ๐’”๐’† acts from ๐’Ž๐’‚๐’๐’‚ ๐’‘๐’“๐’๐’‰๐’Š๐’ƒ๐’Š๐’•๐’‚ violations. The strategic formulation of legal theories was emphasized, identifying the trial court's role as a trier of fact, whereas questions of law regarding statutory application are typically reserved for the Supreme Court.

Wherefore, the training concluded by reviewing the ๐‘๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง ๐„๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž, asserting that success in the courtroom relies heavily on the ๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐๐ข๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ, whose testimony must be derived from personal perception and remain subject to ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ก๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ for bias or inconsistency. Therefore, the session emphasized that in order to achieve moral certainty, the prosecution must prove ๐ ๐ฎ๐ข๐ฅ๐ญ ๐›๐ž๐ฒ๐จ๐ง๐ ๐š ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ฌ๐จ๐ง๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐›๐ญ, a constitutional mandate that places the ๐›๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ž๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐จ๐Ÿ squarely on the State. The ๐‚๐จ๐๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐€๐œ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐ญ๐š๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ (๐‚๐๐‘๐€) is still upheld by Lex Veritas, which challenges each member to seek justice within the conditions of honor and truth while acting competently and honorably.

๐’๐ฉ๐ข๐ž๐ฅ ๐๐ฒ: Gerald Andrei O. Arizala
๐‚๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ซ๐ž๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐๐ฒ: Alyanie May D. Caballero
๐†๐ฎ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ƒ๐ข๐ฌ๐œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ๐š๐ง๐ญ: Atty. Clayde Von Jape Pogado

[๐Ž๐…๐…๐ˆ๐‚๐ˆ๐€๐‹ ๐”๐๐ƒ๐€๐“๐„: ๐…๐ˆ๐’๐‚๐€๐‹ ๐€๐‚๐‚๐Ž๐”๐๐“๐€๐๐ˆ๐‹๐ˆ๐“๐˜ & ๐“๐‘๐€๐๐’๐๐€๐‘๐„๐๐‚๐˜]At Lex Veritas: The Debate Society, we believe that integrity sho...
05/01/2026

[๐Ž๐…๐…๐ˆ๐‚๐ˆ๐€๐‹ ๐”๐๐ƒ๐€๐“๐„: ๐…๐ˆ๐’๐‚๐€๐‹ ๐€๐‚๐‚๐Ž๐”๐๐“๐€๐๐ˆ๐‹๐ˆ๐“๐˜ & ๐“๐‘๐€๐๐’๐๐€๐‘๐„๐๐‚๐˜]

At Lex Veritas: The Debate Society, we believe that integrity should be found not just in our arguments, but in how we handle our resources. Whereas before we proceed to ๐˜๐ž๐š๐ซ ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ”, we strive for complete transparency with our members and supporters, the Finance Committee is hereby releasing the official summary of our financial operations from September 25 to December 19, 2025.

Through our joint efforts during Academic Weekโ€”specifically our booth operations and the sale of our club pinsโ€”the society generated a total revenue of โ‚ฑ11,275.00. After carefully settling all operational costs and procurement expenses, we are pleased to report a gross profit of โ‚ฑ6,092.50, leaving the society with a secure ending fund balance of โ‚ฑ4,603.50.

Wherefore, these funds are herewith earmarked to support our upcoming tournaments, training sessions, and club initiatives for the next semester. Every transaction has been meticulously documented by our Comptroller and Auditor to ensure that every peso contributed by our members is used responsibly.

We forego old habits of informal reporting to forthwith proceed with a new standard of financial excellence. Members who wish to review the detailed "Notes to Financial Statements" you may view them at the end of the document.



๐’๐ฉ๐ข๐ž๐ฅ ๐๐ฒ: Alyanie May D. Caballero
๐‚๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ซ๐ž๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐๐ฒ: Gerald Andrei Arizala & Irish Clavo
๐‘๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ž๐ฐ๐ž๐ ๐๐ฒ: Mr. Kurt Symon Cruz

๐€๐ซ๐ ๐ฎ๐ž, ๐‘๐ž๐›๐ฎ๐ญ๐ญ, and ๐–๐ข๐ง! ๐Ÿ‘‘๐Ÿ†The Final Round debate was an intense 90-minute clash of rhetoric, running from 1:30 PM to 3:0...
02/12/2025

๐€๐ซ๐ ๐ฎ๐ž, ๐‘๐ž๐›๐ฎ๐ญ๐ญ, and ๐–๐ข๐ง! ๐Ÿ‘‘๐Ÿ†

The Final Round debate was an intense 90-minute clash of rhetoric, running from 1:30 PM to 3:00 PM. Teams argued the resolution concerning:

State should lower the minimum age of criminal responsibility from 15 to 10 years old for children accused of committing heinous crimes, thereby amending Republic Act No. 9344 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act).

The debate was structured to ensure a thorough analysis, moving systematically through three crucial areas: the ๐ง๐ž๐œ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ of the measure, the ๐›๐ž๐ง๐ž๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ it would serve, and finally, the ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ of its real-world implementation.

congratulations to the ๐๐„๐†๐€๐“๐ˆ๐•๐„ ๐’๐ˆ๐ƒ๐„โ€”our undisputed ๐‘ช๐‘ฏ๐‘จ๐‘ด๐‘ท๐‘ฐ๐‘ถ๐‘ต of the debate!
Securing an impressive 87% score who proved the power of negation and rebuttal! Your critical thinking and persuasive arguments were truly outstanding.

From 12 HUMSS 1
๐ฟ๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘‘ ๐‘†๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘˜๐‘’๐‘Ÿ:
- Estrada, Prince J.
๐‘†๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘˜๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘ :
- Dayta, Joshua Emmanuel M.
- Tahaw, David Matthew

And to our 1st ๐‘ท๐‘ณ๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฌ๐‘น, a huge round of applause goes to the ๐€๐…๐…๐ˆ๐‘๐Œ๐€๐“๐ˆ๐•๐„ ๐’๐ˆ๐ƒ๐„ who battled fiercely and earned an excellent 77% score.

From 11 HUMSS 1
๐ฟ๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘‘ ๐‘†๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘˜๐‘’๐‘Ÿ:
- Espina, Ashley Marie B.
๐‘†๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘˜๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘ :
- Javier, Casey Liane R.
- Novida, Andrei Justine C.

We are honored to introduce the distinguished ๐‘ฑ๐’–๐’…๐’ˆ๐’†๐’” overseeing the said Debate.
- Ms. Cathryn Joy Palacio
- Ms. Natalie R. Regodos
- Ms. Christiane Marie Bigcas
- Ms. Ma. Aaisha Shahid Amaia Adaza
- Ms. Henjie Dino

We extend our sincere gratitude to the ๐‘ฎ๐’“๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐‘ช๐’๐’Ž๐’Ž๐’Š๐’•๐’•๐’†๐’† (Presiding Officers)
- Mr. Gerald Andrei O. Arizala (Chairperson)
- Mr. Liner Bernaldo Jr.
- Ms. Plizha Summer Samonte

and the diligent ๐‘ด๐’Š๐’๐’๐’“ ๐‘ช๐’๐’Ž๐’Ž๐’Š๐’•๐’•๐’†๐’† (Fallacy Citation)
๐ด๐‘“๐‘“๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘ฃ๐‘’
1. Ms. Claire Meregillano
2. Ms. Bianca Ashley Singson
3. Ms. Michaela N. Dacles
4. Mr. Clarenz Medija

๐‘๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘ฃ๐‘’
1. Ms. Michailah Pragata
2. Ms. Nicole Danoy
3. Ms. Alyanie May D. Caballero
4. Ms. Angeline Doctor

And to the very hard working ๐‘ด๐’๐’…๐’†๐’“๐’‚๐’•๐’๐’“๐’”
- Ms. Irish Delas Alas
- Ms. Shuyen Andrea Lagunzad

This rigorous process ensured that the final ruling by the Ponente was based on the strongest, most logical arguments. A truly meaningful exercise in rhetoric and governance analysis!

Spiel & Collateral By: Alyanie May Caballero | Public Information Officer

๐‘ป๐’‰๐’Š๐’๐’Œ, ๐‘พ๐’“๐’Š๐’•๐’†, and ๐‘น๐’‚๐’Š๐’”๐’†! โœ๏ธ๐Ÿง A massive congratulations to the eight groups from different Strands for taking on the chall...
02/12/2025

๐‘ป๐’‰๐’Š๐’๐’Œ, ๐‘พ๐’“๐’Š๐’•๐’†, and ๐‘น๐’‚๐’Š๐’”๐’†! โœ๏ธ๐Ÿง 

A massive congratulations to the eight groups from different Strands for taking on the challenge and proving that Social Science is far from dull. An intense battle of knowledge in ๐‘ฏ๐’Š๐’”๐’•๐’๐’“๐’š, ๐‘บ๐’๐’„๐’Š๐’๐’๐’๐’ˆ๐’š, ๐‘ท๐’๐’๐’Š๐’•๐’Š๐’„๐’”, and ๐‘จ๐’๐’•๐’‰๐’“๐’๐’‘๐’๐’๐’๐’ˆ๐’š was indeed a breath taking moment. The Competition has three various roundsโ€”๐‘ฌ๐‘จ๐‘บ๐’€ Round, ๐‘ด๐‘ฌ๐‘ซ๐‘ฐ๐‘ผ๐‘ด Round, and ๐‘ซ๐‘ฐ๐‘ญ๐‘ญ๐‘ฐ๐‘ช๐‘ผ๐‘ณ๐‘ป Round. As they all answered the questions confidently.

12 ๐‘†๐‘‡๐ธ๐‘€ 3 emerged as the triumphant ๐‘ช๐‘ฏ๐‘จ๐‘ด๐‘ท๐‘ฐ๐‘ถ๐‘ต. The victorious squad included
- Yna Ritzi Palolan
- Farrah Mae Mabazza
- Aeriel Sabina Nabia
- Veronica Atiga.

Furthermore, 12 ๐‘†๐‘‡๐ธ๐‘€ 4 successfully seized the 1st ๐‘ท๐‘ณ๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฌ spot. Their representing members were
- James Rainier Bautista
- Chloe Shayne Milare
- Rhea Pauline Altarejos
- Qyv Noah Fantone.

In the same competition, 12 ๐ป๐‘ˆ๐‘€๐‘†๐‘† - 1 finished with the 2nd ๐‘ท๐‘ณ๐‘จ๐‘ช๐‘ฌ award, a result achieved through the dedicated work of
- Michaela Dacles
- Sophia De Guzman
- Lanziana Gabrielle Tadeo
- Kaye Esperon.

Our Social Science Quiz Bee this Academic Week wasn't just a test of knowledge; it was a vibrant celebration of our students' genuine Eagerness for understanding society and the complex world around them.

Spiel & Collateral By: Alyanie May Caballero | Public Information Officer

Feeling TIRED? Super INIT?! Super HUNGRY?? ๐Ÿคค๐Ÿ”ฅIf so, then you deserve this! Lex Veritas is happy to inform everyone that ...
24/11/2025

Feeling TIRED? Super INIT?! Super HUNGRY?? ๐Ÿคค๐Ÿ”ฅ

If so, then you deserve this! Lex Veritas is happy to inform everyone that we are selling Cheesy Nachos and Oreo Drink. Treat yourself to the ultimate combo. It's the perfect reward for tackling those tiring day! ๐Ÿ“š๐ŸŽ‰

This week isn't just about fun activities and school prideโ€”it's about celebrating you with the most epic, limited-time snack combo on campus! ๐Ÿ˜‰

Bring your friends, grab a chair, and make this Senior High Acads Week the best one yet! ๐Ÿ™Œ๐Ÿ’—

๐Ÿ“ฃ ๐ƒ๐จ๐ง'๐ญ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐š๐ญ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐โ€”๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ž! ๐Ÿ“ฃAs the Senior High School ๐€๐œ๐š๐๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐–๐ž๐ž๐ค approaches, The Lex Veritas Debate Society enc...
24/11/2025

๐Ÿ“ฃ ๐ƒ๐จ๐ง'๐ญ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐š๐ญ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐โ€”๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ž! ๐Ÿ“ฃ

As the Senior High School ๐€๐œ๐š๐๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐–๐ž๐ž๐ค approaches, The Lex Veritas Debate Society encourage you to join and participate in the ๐‘บ๐’๐’„๐’Š๐’‚๐’ ๐‘บ๐’„๐’Š๐’†๐’๐’„๐’† ๐‘ธ๐’–๐’Š๐’› ๐‘ฉ๐’†๐’† and ๐‘ด๐’๐’…๐’Š๐’‡๐’Š๐’†๐’… ๐‘ถ๐’“๐’†๐’ˆ๐’๐’-๐‘ถ๐’™๐’‡๐’๐’“๐’… ๐‘ซ๐’†๐’ƒ๐’‚๐’•๐’†!

Joining the Quiz Bee will test your memory, learn new facts, and prove your knowledge in your field. While joining the Debate will sharpen your arguments, speak with confidence, and learn how to see both sides of a topic. This is where you find your ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ฅ ๐ฏ๐จ๐ข๐œ๐ž!

โ€ผ๏ธ ๐’๐€๐•๐„ ๐“๐‡๐„ ๐ƒ๐€๐“๐„๐’ โ€ผ๏ธ
The ๐‘ธ๐’–๐’Š๐’› ๐‘ฉ๐’†๐’† will be held on November 25, 2025

๐‘ด๐’๐’…๐’Š๐’‡๐’Š๐’†๐’… ๐‘ถ๐’“๐’†๐’ˆ๐’๐’-๐‘ถ๐’™๐’‡๐’๐’“๐’… ๐‘ซ๐’†๐’ƒ๐’‚๐’•๐’†
โ€ข First Round - November 24, 2025
โ€ข Semi-Final Round - November 25, 2025
โ€ข Final Round - November 26, 2025

Participating isn't just about winning; it's about ๐›๐ฎ๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ข๐๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž and making your academic journey exciting.

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