01/07/2026
*KPPSC SST Female BIO-Chem Zone 2 Complete Test*
*Test Date: 30 June 2026*
*CHEMISTRY*
*Q1.* A covalent bond is formed between:
A. A metal and a non-metal
*B. Two non-metals [Answer]*
C. Two metals
D. A metal and a noble gas
💡 *Explanation:* Covalent bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons, which occurs between two non-metals with similar electronegativities. Metals tend to lose electrons to form ionic bonds instead.
*Q2.* Which of the following is a noble gas?
A. Sulfur (S)
B. Nitrogen (N)
*C. Neon (Ne) [Answer]*
D. Oxygen (O)
💡 *Explanation:* Neon (Ne) belongs to Group 18 (VIII-A) of the periodic table. These elements have completely filled valence shells, making them chemically unreactive or "noble."
*Q3.* The electronic configuration of oxygen (Z = 8) is:
A. 1s² 2s² 2p²
*B. 1s² 2s² 2p⁴ [Answer]*
C. 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
D. 1s² 2s² 3p⁴
💡 *Explanation:* Oxygen has an atomic number of 8, meaning it has 8 electrons. Following the Aufbau principle, they fill up as 2 in the 1s orbital, 2 in the 2s orbital, and the remaining 4 in the 2p orbital (2+2+4=8).
*Q4.* What type of energy is stored in a chemical bond?
A. Heat energy
B. Electrical energy
*C. Chemical energy [Answer]*
D. Mechanical energy
💡 *Explanation:* Chemical energy is a form of potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of atoms and molecules, which can be released or absorbed during a chemical reaction.
*Q5.* Ethanoic acid is also called:
A. Formic acid
*B. Acetic acid [Answer]*
C. Lactic acid
D. Oxalic acid
💡 *Explanation:* Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH) is widely known by its common name, acetic acid. It is the primary component of vinegar. Formic acid is methanoic acid found in ant stings.
*Q6.* Temporary hardness of water is due to:
A. Sulphates
B. Nitrates
C. Chlorides
*D. Bicarbonates [Answer]*
💡 *Explanation:* Temporary hardness is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, which can be easily removed by boiling. Sulphates and chlorides cause permanent hardness.
*Q7.* The end product of the Haber process is:
A. Nitric acid
*B. Ammonia [Answer]*
C. Sulphuric acid
D. Urea
💡 *Explanation:* The Haber process is the industrial synthesis of ammonia gas (NH₃) from atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂) gas under high pressure and temperature.
*Q8.* One mole contains:
*A. 6.022 × 10²³ particles [Answer]*
B. 3.011 × 10²³ particles
C. 12 × 10²³ particles
D. 1 × 10²³ particles
💡 *Explanation:* This fundamental constant is known as Avogadro's number (N_A), which defines the exact number of atoms, molecules, or ions present in exactly one mole of any substance.
*Q9.* An exothermic reaction:
A. Absorbs heat
*B. Releases heat [Answer]*
C. Transfers heat only
D. Stops heat transfer
💡 *Explanation:* "Exo" means outward and "thermic" relates to heat. An exothermic reaction releases energy into its surroundings, usually causing the temperature of the immediate environment to rise.
*Q10.* Atomic Mass Unit (amu) is:
A. Mass of one proton
*B. 1/12 of the mass of a Carbon-12 atom [Answer]*
C. Mass of one neutron
D. Mass of one electron
💡 *Explanation:* By international agreement, 1 amu is defined globally as exactly one-twelfth (1/12\text{th}) the mass of a single, unbound atom of Carbon-12 at ground state.
*Q11.* Which element is most abundant in the atmosphere?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
*C. Nitrogen [Answer]*
D. Argon
💡 *Explanation:* Nitrogen gas (N_2) makes up approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere by volume, followed by oxygen at roughly 21%.
*Q12.* Atmospheric pressure at sea level is:
*A. 760 mmHg [Answer]*
B. 76 mmHg
C. 76000 mmHg
D. 7.3 mmHg
💡 *Explanation:* Standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm) at sea level is equivalent to the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 760 millimeters high (760 mmHg or 760 Torr).
*BIOLOGY*
*Q13.* Viruses reproduce by:
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Binary fission
*D. None of these [Answer]*
💡 *Explanation:* Viruses are non-cellular entities that lack the metabolic machinery for cell division (like mitosis or binary fission). They can only *replicate* by hijacking a living host cell's internal machinery.
*Q14.* Which of the following provides the least metabolic energy as food?
A. Fat
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrates
*D. DNA [Answer]*
💡 *Explanation:* Fats (9 kcal/g), proteins (4 kcal/g), and carbohydrates (4 kcal/g) are primary macronutrients utilized heavily for caloric energy. Nucleic acids like DNA exist in tiny amounts and are not dietary sources of energy.
*Q15.* In eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain occurs in:
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Cell membrane
*C. Mitochondria [Answer]*
D. Golgi apparatus
💡 *Explanation:* The electron transport chain (ETC) is located specifically on the inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae), driving ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration.
*Q16.* DNA synthesis occurs in:
*A. Nucleus [Answer]*
B. Nucleolus
C. Mitochondria
D. Cell membrane
💡 *Explanation:* In eukaryotic organisms, the bulk of genomic DNA replication occurs inside the protective barrier of the cell nucleus during the S-phase of the cell cycle.
*Q17.* Macrophages are involved in:
A. Pinocytosis
*B. Phagocytosis [Answer]*
C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D. Diffusion
💡 *Explanation:* Macrophages are specialized immune cells whose primary role is phagocytosis ("cell eating")—engulfing and digesting cellular debris, foreign substances, and microbes.
*Q18.* Lipid synthesis occurs in:
*A. Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) [Answer]*
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Ribosomes
💡 *Explanation:* The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) is the primary organelle responsible for synthesizing lipids, phospholipids, and steroid hormones. Rough ER synthesizes proteins.
*Q19.* Which level of biological organization is the most complex?
A. Organelle
*B. Organ [Answer]*
C. Cell
D. Tissue
💡 *Explanation:* Hierarchical organization goes: Organelle ➔ Cell ➔ Tissue ➔ Organ. An organ is the most complex here because it is composed of multiple organized tissue layers working in tandem.
*Q20.* The organelle responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells is:
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
*C. Mitochondrion [Answer]*
D. Ribosome
💡 *Explanation:* Mitochondria are universally termed the "powerhouses of the cell" because they convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP via cellular respiration.
*Q21.* Which of the following has no nucleus?
*A. Bacteria [Answer]*
B. Fungus
C. Human cell
D. None
💡 *Explanation:* Bacteria are prokaryotes, which are biologically defined by their complete lack of a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Their DNA floats freely in the nucleoid region.
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*Q22.* All are functions of the cell membrane except:
A. Transport of materials
B. Cell recognition
C. Boundary of cytoplasm
*D. Storage of hereditary material [Answer]*
💡 *Explanation:* The storage of hereditary material (DNA) is the exclusive function of the nucleus (or nucleoid region in prokaryotes), not the outer plasma membrane.
*Q23.* Different organisms living together in an area are called:
A. Population
*B. Community [Answer]*
C. Species
D. Ecosystem
💡 *Explanation:* A population is a group of the *same* species. A community consists of *different* interacting populations of various species living together in a shared geographic area.
*GENERAL KNOWLEDGE*
*Q24.* The largest glacier outside the polar region is:
A. Baltoro Glacier
B. Biafo Glacier
*C. Siachen Glacier [Answer]*
D. Hispar Glacier
💡 *Explanation:* Spanning roughly 76 kilometers in the Karakoram range, the Siachen Glacier is acknowledged as the longest and largest glacier located outside the Earth's freezing polar regions.
*Q25.* Fort William College was established in:
A. 1700
*B. 1800 [Answer]*
C. 1901
D. 1857
💡 *Explanation:* Fort William College was officially founded in Calcutta on July 10, 1800, by Lord Wellesley, the Governor-General of British India, to train British civil servants in local oriental languages.
*Q26.* Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in:
A. Lahore
B. Karachi
*C. Rawalpindi [Answer]*
D. Peshawar
💡 *Explanation:* Pakistan's first Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, was fatally shot on October 16, 1951, while addressing a public meeting at Company Bagh (later renamed Liaquat Bagh) in Rawalpindi.
*Q27.* The science of Hadith narration is called:
A. Ilm-ul-Kalam
B. Ilm-ul-Rijal
C. Ilm-ul-Balaghah
*D. Ilm-ul-Riwayah [Answer]*
💡 *Explanation:* Ilm-ul-Riwayah focuses directly on the transmission, preservation, and precise wording of Hadith narrations. (Note: Ilm-ul-Rijal is a sub-branch tracking the biographies of individual narrators).
*Q28.* In Hadith terminology, a narration missing a Companion in its chain is called:
A. Mu'allaq
B. Aziz
C. Mawdu'
*D. Mursal [Answer]*
💡 *Explanation:* A Hadith is classified as Mursal (hurried/loose) when a Successor (Tabi'i) quotes the Prophet Muhammad directly, completely skipping the name of the intermediate Companion (Sahabi) who narrated it.
*URDU*
*Q29.* Sir Syed Ahmad Khan died in:
A. Delhi
B. Lahore
*C. Aligarh [Answer]*
D. Lucknow
💡 *Explanation:* Sir Syed Ahmad Khan spent his final years establishing educational infrastructure in Aligarh, where he died on March 27, 1898, and was buried inside the compound of the Aligarh Mosque.
*Q30.* علامہ اقبال کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ کون سا ہے؟
A. اسرارِ خودی
*B. بانگِ درا [Answer]*
C. بالِ جبریل
D. ارمغانِ حجاز
💡 *Explanation:* ’’بانگِ درا‘‘ (1924) علامہ اقبال کا پہلا اردو شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ اگرچہ ’’اسرارِ خودی‘‘ ان کی پہلی کتاب تھی مگر وہ فارسی زبان میں تھی۔ یہاں اردو شاعری کا مجموعہ پوچھا گیا ہے۔
*Q31.* "مرآۃ العروس" کے مصنف کون ہیں؟
*A. ڈپٹی نذیر احمد [Answer]*
B. رتن ناتھ سرشار
C. مرزا ہادی رسوا
D. پریم چند
💡 *Explanation:* ’’مرآۃ العروس‘‘ (1869) ڈپٹی نذیر احمد کا تحریر کردہ شاہکار ہے، جسے اردو زبان کا سب سے پہلا باقاعدہ ناول تسلیم کیا جاتا ہے۔
*Q32.* کسی بھی شاعر کی شاعری کے لیے کون سی خوبی زیادہ اہم ہے؟
A. جوش
B. اخلاص
C. مطالعۂ کائنات
*D. تمام [Answer]*
💡 *Explanation:* ایک معیاری اور دور رس شاعری کی تخلیق کے لیے دلی جذبہ و جوش، نیت کا اخلاص، اور کائنات اور انسانی زندگی کا گہرا اور وسیع مطالعہ، یہ تمام خوبیاں بیک وقت ضروری ہوتی ہیں۔
*Q33.* علی گڑھ تحریک کا بنیادی مقصد تھا:
A. شاعری کا فروغ
*B. تعلیمی و سماجی اصلاح [Answer]*
C. مضمون نگاری
D. تنقید
💡 *Explanation:* علی گڑھ تحریک کا بنیادی محرک جنگِ آزادی 1857 کے بعد مسلمانانِ ہند کو جدید انگریزی تعلیم سے آراستہ کرنا اور ان کی گرتی ہوئی تعلیمی، معاشی اور سماجی حالت کو بہتر بنانا تھا۔
*ENGLISH*
*Q34.* Neither the manager nor the employees ______ available.
A. Is
*B. Are [Answer]*
C. Was
D. Has been
💡 *Explanation:* According to the rule of proximity for correlative conjunctions (neither... nor), the verb must agree with the *closer* subject. Since "employees" is plural, the plural verb "are" is used.
*Q35.* Choose the correct active voice: "The email was sent by him."
*A. He sent the email. [Answer]*
B. He was sending the email.
C. He has sent the email.
D. He sends the email.
💡 *Explanation:* The passive voice is in the Simple Past tense ("was sent"). To convert it back into the active voice, the subject ("him" becomes "He") must take the simple past form of the verb ("sent").
*Q36.* A clerk is very friendly with his colleagues. He ______ his colleagues.
A. Puts up with
*B. Gets along with [Answer]*
C. Looks after
D. Turns against
💡 *Explanation:* The phrasal verb "gets along with" means to have a friendly, harmonious, and smooth relationship with someone, which perfectly fits the context of being friendly.
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*Q37.* Select the correct sentence.
*A. She has been working in this office since 2021. [Answer]*
B. She had worked in this office since 2021.
C. She has worked in this office since 2021 yesterday.
D. She is working in this office since 2021.
💡 *Explanation:* To show an action that started in the past (2021) and is still continuing into the present, the Present Perfect Continuous tense ("has been working") combined with "since" is grammatically correct.
*Q38.* Which of the following is an adverb of frequency?
*A. Usually [Answer]*
B. Quickly
C. Carefully
D. Tomorrow
💡 *Explanation:* "Usually" describes *how often* an action takes place, making it an adverb of frequency. "Quickly" and "carefully" are adverbs of manner, while "tomorrow" is an adverb of time.
*Q39.* Choose the sentence with correct punctuation.
❓ *Options not available.*
*PEDAGOGY*
*Q40.* If a student comes to class unprepared, the teacher should:
A. Punish the student immediately.
B. Ignore the student.
*C. Identify the cause, provide support, and encourage improvement. [Answer]*
D. Send the student out of class.
💡 *Explanation:* Modern child-centered pedagogy prioritizes empathy and diagnostic teaching. Punishing or ignoring students is counterproductive; finding the root cause allows the teacher to effectively guide and remedy the issue.
*Q41.* Teachers tell stories mainly so that:
A. Students become dependent on the teacher.
*B. Students understand situations and apply lessons to real life. [Answer]*
C. Students only memorize facts.
D. Students remain entertained.
💡 *Explanation:* Storytelling is a powerful pedagogical tool used to build critical thinking, enhance context comprehension, and allow students to draw moral or practical lessons to apply to real-world situations.
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