06/09/2024
RICE(چانور،ساریون)
Rice is the vital food crop as half of the world’s population eats rice as main part of their diets. Rice ranks second only to wheat in terms of area harvested. It provides more calories than any other cereal grain. In Pakistan medium or coarse grain rice is grown mostly in Sindh, while the fine grain aromatic rice crop is cultivated in Punjab. Foreign exchange is earned by export of rice annualy. Grain is commonly used in different forms of human diet. Besides, the straw provides animal feed and industrial raw material. There has been gradual increase in area under the rice cultivation, annual production and yield per hectare. Despite, Pakistan lags behind in obtaining yield per unit area in comparison to many other rice growing countries.
Rice being a diploid species offers many opportunities for the exploitation of induced mutations. Mutation breeding work for the improvement of rice varieties was initiated in 1960s with local tall rice cultivars. With introduction of semi-dwarf varieties from IRRI, efforts were diverted to improve these new cultivars. The NIA has been successful in evolving four non-aromatic and two aromatic rice mutant varieties.
Variety Name Shadab
Year of release 1987
Pedigree Mutated from IR6
Breeders G. Bari, G. Mustafa, A.M. Soomro, A.W Baloch
Centre of Origin NIA, Tando Jam
Sowing date 15th May to 15th June (upper Sindh)
Average yield 6000 kg/ha
Potential yield 7000 kg/ha
Seed rate 8-10 kg/acre
Fertilizer application N:P:K 120:60:0 kg/ha
No. of Irrigation 2 inches water should be maintained till maturity
Resistance against diseases / pest Moderately resistant
Tolerance against abiotic stress Moderately tolerant
Adaptation of variety Sindh and Balochistan provinces
Quality parameters Fine grain, absence of chalkiness
Variety Name Shua-92
Year of release 1993
Pedigree Mutated from IR8
Breeders G. Mustafa, A.M. Soomro A.W Baloch
Centre of Origin NIA, Tando Jam
Sowing dat 15th April to 15th May (lower Sindh)
Average yield 7000 kg/ha
Potential yield 8000 kg/ha
Seed rate 09-11 kg/acre
Fertilizer application N:P:K 120:60:0 kg/ha
No. of Irrigation 2 inches water should be maintained till maturity
Resistance against diseases / pest Moderately resistant
Tolerance against abiotic stress Salinity tolerant
Adaptation of variety Sindh and Balochistan provinces
Quality parameters Upto standards of non-aromatic rice
Variety Name Sarshar
Year of release 2002
Pedigree Mutated form IR8
Breeders A.M. Soomro A.W Baloch, H.R. Bughio, M.S Bughio
Centre of Origin NIA, Tando Jam
Sowing date 15th April to 15th May (lower Sindh), 15th May to 15th June (upper Sindh)
Average yield 7500 kg/ha
Potential yield 8500 kg/ha
Seed rate 8-10 kg/acre
Fertilizer application N:P:K 120:60:0 kg/ha
No. of Irrigation 2 inches water should be maintained till maturity
Resistance against diseases / pest Moderately resistant
Tolerance against abiotic stress Moderately tolerant
Adaptation of variety Sindh and Balochistan provinces
Quality parameters Shattering resistant
Variety Name Khushboo-95
Year of release 1996
Pedigree Mutated from Jajai-77 (a landrace)
Breeders G. Mustafa, A.M. Soomro A.W Baloch,
Centre of Origin NIA, Tando Jam
Sowing date 15th April to 15th May (lower Sindh), 15th May to 15th June (upper Sindh)
Average yield 3000 kg/ha
Potential yield 4500 kg/ha
Seed rate 08-10 kg/acre
Fertilizer application N:P:K 100:40:0 kg/ha
No. of Irrigation 2 inches water should be maintained till maturity
Resistance against diseases / pest Moderately resistant
Tolerance against abiotic stress Moderately tolerant
Adaptation of variety Sindh
Quality parameters High aroma and good taste
Variety Name Mehak
Year of release 2006
Pedigree Mutated from Basmati-370
Breeders A.M. Soomro, A.W Baloch, H.R. Bughio, M.S Bughio
Centre of Origin NIA, Tando Jam
Sowing date 15th April to 15th May (lower Sindh), 15th May to 15th June (upper Sindh)
Average yield 2500 kg/ha
Potential yield 3500 kg/ha
Seed rate 07-09 kg/acre
Fertilizer application N:P:K 100:40:0 kg/ha
No. of Irrigation 2 inches water should be maintained till maturity
Resistance against diseases / pest Moderately resistant
Tolerance against abiotic stress Moderately tolerant
Adaptation of variety Sindh
Quality parameters Excellent Aroma, long grain, less bursting percentage
Variety Name Shandar
Year of release 2006
Pedigree IR6 mutated with Gamma rays(250Gy)
Breeders A.M. Soomro, A.W Baloch, H.R. Bughio, M.S Bughio
Centre of Origin NIA,Tando jam
Sowing date 15th April to 15th May (lower Sindh), 15th May to 15th June (upper Sindh)
Average yield 8500 Kg
Potential yield 9500 Kg
Seed rate 8-10 kg/acre
Fertilizer application N:P:K 120:60:0 kg/ha
No. of Irrigation 2 inches water should be maintained till maturity
Resistance against diseases / pest Moderately resistant
Tolerance against abiotic stress Moderately tolerant
Adaptation of variety Sindh and Balochistan provinces
Quality parameters Non chalkiness, Narrow grain
Nuclear Institute of Agriculture Tandojam, Pakistan
Sugarcane Research Institute Tandojam
