SMU Centre for Digital Law

SMU Centre for Digital Law Strengthening Singapore's leadership in digital transformation while advancing a 'smart nation' vision that fosters human flourishing for the next century.

At the CB+DC Conference held at Sasana Kijang, Bank Negara Malaysia,   Faculty Member Prof Heng Wang spoke on the inters...
05/06/2026

At the CB+DC Conference held at Sasana Kijang, Bank Negara Malaysia, Faculty Member Prof Heng Wang spoke on the intersection of digital currencies, agentic AI, and governance. His remarks explored the foundations needed to support digital finance, from wallet infrastructure and technological architecture to adaptive governance mechanisms capable of responding to emerging risks and opportunities.

The discussions also considered how trust and reliance operates across multiple layers of interactionโ€”between individuals, between humans and technology, and increasingly between AI agents themselvesโ€”as well as the legal and governance challenges that arise when AI systems shape financial decision-making and transactions.

Prof Wang also shared his perspectives on the future of digital currencies and the governance frameworks required to support their responsible development and adoption. As emerging technologies continue to reshape financial systems, we look forward to advancing these important conversations on digital currencies, AI governance, and the future of financial regulation.

Read Prof Wangโ€™s articles:
โ€ข ๐˜“๐˜ข๐˜ธ ๐˜Ž๐˜ณ๐˜ข๐˜ฑ๐˜ฑ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด ๐˜ธ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ฉ ๐˜๐˜ต๐˜ด ๐˜ˆ๐˜ค๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ดโ€™ ๐˜๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ๐˜ญ? ๐˜œ๐˜ฏ๐˜ค๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ด, ๐˜‹๐˜ช๐˜จ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ญ ๐˜Œ๐˜น๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ด, ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ˆ๐˜ ๐˜๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjcfcl/vol20/iss2/3/
โ€ข ๐˜œ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜‹๐˜ช๐˜ด๐˜ฑ๐˜ถ๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ด ๐˜–๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ ๐˜‹๐˜ช๐˜จ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ป๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr/vol40/iss1/3/

  Industry Fellow Lanx Goh, Global Head of Privacy at Prudentialplc, recently published an article in the Journal of Dat...
04/06/2026

Industry Fellow Lanx Goh, Global Head of Privacy at Prudentialplc, recently published an article in the Journal of Data Protection & Privacy titled ๐˜Š๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฑ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ท๐˜ฆ ๐˜ˆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜บ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ด ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜ˆ๐˜ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜—๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ท๐˜ข๐˜ค๐˜บ ๐˜“๐˜ข๐˜ธ๐˜ด ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ ๐˜Œ๐˜ถ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ˆ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ข: ๐˜๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ง๐˜บ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜™๐˜ฆ๐˜จ๐˜ถ๐˜ญ๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜บ ๐˜‹๐˜ช๐˜ด๐˜ฑ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ด ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜—๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ธ๐˜ข๐˜บ๐˜ด ๐˜ง๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ ๐˜๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ช๐˜ด๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ, co-authored with Vinni Kalra Francis.

The authors examine the evolving AI and privacy law landscapes across Europe and selected Asian jurisdictions. The article analyses diverse regulatory modelsโ€”from rights-based and state-centric frameworks to more pragmatic and innovation-oriented approachesโ€”and considers their implications for cross-border data transfers, compliance, trust, and international interoperability.

The authors propose a practical pathway towards greater regulatory cooperation, including stronger dialogue between regulators and professional bodies, greater alignment on technical standards, sector-specific frameworks, and longer-term mutual recognition mechanisms. Their analysis underscores the importance of developing governance models that can support responsible AI innovation while safeguarding privacy, accountability, and public trust.

Reflecting Lanxโ€™s continued contributions to global discussions on AI governance, privacy, and digital regulation, he has also been appointed a Founding Board Member of Global Digital Advisory, an invite-only group of senior executives recognised for their global leadership, independent perspective, and strategic insight.

We look forward to his continued contributions to advancing international dialogue on AI governance, data protection, and the future of digital regulation.

Read the article here: https://hstalks.com/article/11492/comparative-analysis-of-ai-and-privacy-laws-in-eur/?business

As AI systems become increasingly embedded in society, how can governance frameworks keep pace while preserving accounta...
28/05/2026

As AI systems become increasingly embedded in society, how can governance frameworks keep pace while preserving accountability, trust, and innovation?

These themes shaped discussions at The AI Summit Singapore, held as part of ATxEnterprise, where Director Assoc Prof Jason Grant Allen participated in the panel โ€œ๐˜™๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ฑ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ฃ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ˆ๐˜ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ ๐˜—๐˜ณ๐˜ข๐˜ค๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ฆ: ๐˜Ž๐˜ฐ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ฏ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ค๐˜ฆ, ๐˜ˆ๐˜ค๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ฃ๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜บ, ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜›๐˜ณ๐˜ถ๐˜ด๐˜ต ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ ๐˜ข ๐˜๐˜ณ๐˜ข๐˜จ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ ๐˜Ž๐˜ญ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฃ๐˜ข๐˜ญ ๐˜“๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ด๐˜ค๐˜ข๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆโ€.

The session explored how organisations can operationalise responsible AI across departments and jurisdictions, moving beyond high-level ethical principles towards practical governance systems that embed fairness, transparency, accountability, auditability, and traceability into AI workflows. Discussions also examined the challenges of implementing compliant and trustworthy AI systems within Southeast Asiaโ€™s evolving and diverse regulatory landscape.

Assoc Prof Allen joined an esteemed panel comprising Victoria Wymark (Data and AI Transformation Director, Algnite Women), Kelly Forbes (President and Executive Director, AI Asia Pacific Institute), and Hazremi Hamid (Senior Officer, Digital Economy (AI Governance), ASEAN Secretariat). The session was moderated by Jonathan Gonzalez (Associate Director, AI Governance, Access Partnership).

The discussion highlighted the growing importance of interdisciplinary and cross-sector collaboration in shaping responsible AI governance frameworks that can support innovation while strengthening public trust, accountability, and regulatory coherence across borders.

  wishes our Muslim friends, colleagues, and community a blessed Hari Raya Haji! May this season of reflection, sacrific...
27/05/2026

wishes our Muslim friends, colleagues, and community a blessed Hari Raya Haji! May this season of reflection, sacrifice, and compassion bring peace, renewal, and meaningful moments with loved ones. Selamat Hari Raya Haji!

  recently hosted a webinar featuring Victor Dorokhin, legal scholar and author of ๐˜“๐˜ข๐˜ธ, ๐˜”๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜บ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜Œ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ด: ๐˜ˆ๐˜ฏ ๐˜Œ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ...
25/05/2026

recently hosted a webinar featuring Victor Dorokhin, legal scholar and author of ๐˜“๐˜ข๐˜ธ, ๐˜”๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜บ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜Œ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ด: ๐˜ˆ๐˜ฏ ๐˜Œ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ช๐˜ค ๐˜ˆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜บ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ด ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜“๐˜ข๐˜ธ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜™๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ฅ ๐˜—๐˜ฐ๐˜ด๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณโ€™๐˜ด ๐˜›๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜บ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜ž๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ ๐˜”๐˜ข๐˜น๐˜ช๐˜ฎ๐˜ช๐˜ป๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ (Edward Elgar, 2026). The session drew on themes from his newly published book, which critically re-examines the relationship between law, morality, and economic reasoning in contemporary legal theory.

The session explored the relationship between law, morality, and economic reasoning through a critical reassessment of Richard Posnerโ€™s theory of wealth maximization and the broader Chicago School approach to law and economics. Drawing on Austrian economics, cognitive science, and psychological theories of law, Victor introduced the concept of โ€œmoral costsโ€ โ€” non-monetary yet behaviourally significant burdens experienced by individuals in legal and economic interactions.

The discussion examined how moral costs may challenge conventional economic approaches to legal analysis, while offering new ways of understanding justice, efficiency, and legal normativity. The webinar also considered the implications of these ideas for emerging technological and regulatory contexts, including the limitations of AI and algorithmic systems in recognising and evaluating human moral experiences within legal decision-making.

We thank Victor for an insightful and thought-provoking presentation, and for contributing to SMUCDLโ€™s ongoing conversations at the intersection of legal theory, economics, and emerging technologies.

Read the book here: https://www.elgaronline.com/monobook/book/9781035379507/9781035379507.xml

  is pleased to share that SMUYPHSL Assoc Prof Dorcas Quek Anderson has recently published a new article in the Internat...
22/05/2026

is pleased to share that SMUYPHSL Assoc Prof Dorcas Quek Anderson has recently published a new article in the International Journal of Conflict Management, titled ๐˜•๐˜ฆ๐˜จ๐˜ฐ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ข๐˜ต ๐˜ข ๐˜‹๐˜ช๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ค๐˜ฆ: ๐˜›๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜๐˜ฎ๐˜ฑ๐˜ข๐˜ค๐˜ต ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜Š๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฎ๐˜ถ๐˜ฏ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜”๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ข ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜•๐˜ฆ๐˜จ๐˜ฐ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ ๐˜›๐˜ณ๐˜ข๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ด, co-authored with Ngo Tra My. Supported by the Ministry of Education, Singapore (MOE)โ€™s Academic Research Fund Tier 2, the study examines how different communication media influence negotiation outcomes, and how these effects are shaped by negotiator characteristics.

Drawing on an experimental study involving 400 participants negotiating relational disputes across face-to-face (FTF), videoconferencing, audio call, and synchronous text messaging formats, the research offers timely insights into negotiation and dispute resolution in an increasingly digital environment.

Key findings from the study include:
1๏ธโƒฃ Synchronous text-based negotiations produced poorer outcomes than the other media, both economically and non-economically.
2๏ธโƒฃ FTF negotiations generated higher trust than video and audio negotiations, suggesting that in-person interaction may be especially valuable in complex disputes where building trust with unfamiliar parties is critical.
3๏ธโƒฃ Joint value creation was higher in audio than FTF negotiations, challenging conventional assumptions based on media richness theories.
4๏ธโƒฃ No other significant differences were found across FTF, video, and audio negotiations, indicating the absence of a direct relationship between media richness and favourable negotiation outcomes.
5๏ธโƒฃ Several negotiator traits moderated the effect of communication media on negotiation outcomes. For instance, dyads with high assertiveness achieved lower joint value creation in FTF than audio and video negotiations.

Overall, the study underscores that there is no universally optimal mode of negotiation. Instead, the characteristics and interpersonal dynamics of negotiators play a critical role in determining negotiation success. As organisations and professionals increasingly rely on hybrid and digital communication channels, these findings provide valuable guidance for navigating negotiations, managing conflict, and fostering effective collaboration in both legal and business contexts.

Read the full article here: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sol_research/4831/

We are delighted to welcome Joshua Jay Castle as an External Research Fellow at the SMU Centre for Digital Law. Joshua C...
21/05/2026

We are delighted to welcome Joshua Jay Castle as an External Research Fellow at the SMU Centre for Digital Law.

Joshua Castle is a PhD candidate at The Australian National University's School of Cybernetics, where his research develops a philosophical framework for governing societies in the age of exponential AI โ€” asking what structural conditions keep human freedom and imagination genuinely open alongside the technologies we build. His work sits at the intersection of political philosophy, cognitive science, and cybernetics systems theory. An XPRIZE Award-winning innovator, Joshua has worked across multiple startups on challenges from knowledge management to carbon removal, as well as research used for Australian policy.

We look forward to Joshuaโ€™s contributions to โ€™s research community, particularly in advancing interdisciplinary scholarship on AI governance, cybernetics, and the societal implications of emerging technologies.

Learn more about our Affiliates: https://cdl.smu.edu.sg/people/affiliates

ANU School of Cybernetics

Last week,   was pleased to host the delegation from the Taiwan Judge Academy during their visit to the SMU Yong Pung Ho...
19/05/2026

Last week, was pleased to host the delegation from the Taiwan Judge Academy during their visit to the SMU Yong Pung How School of Law. The delegation was led by President Chang Sheng-Hsin, and included Wang I-Chun, Judge and Chief Secretary; Chang Shu-Chuan, Director of the Training Affairs Department; and Huang Jo-Ying (Lois), Administrative Director of the R&D Department.

The visit provided an opportunity for meaningful exchanges on key developments in legal practice and judicial innovation. SMUYPHSL Prof Yip Man and Assoc Prof Dorcas Quek Anderson shared insights on the Singapore International Commercial Court and developments in mediation, while SMUCDL Deputy Director Assoc Prof Han-Wei Liu and SMUYPHSL Prof Pasha Hsieh joined members of the Taiwan delegation in discussions on the use of artificial intelligence in courts and its broader implications for the future of justice systems.

We thank the Taiwan Judge Academy delegation for their visit and for the engaging exchange of perspectives. Such international dialogues are invaluable in strengthening cross-border collaboration and advancing shared understanding on the evolving challenges and opportunities facing legal institutions in the digital age.

  Prof Heng Wang delivered the opening presentation at the University of Cambridge roundtable on ๐˜Ž๐˜ฐ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ฏ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ˆ๐˜โ€™๐˜ด ๐˜Œ๐˜ฏ๐˜ท๐˜ช๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฎ...
18/05/2026

Prof Heng Wang delivered the opening presentation at the University of Cambridge roundtable on ๐˜Ž๐˜ฐ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ฏ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ˆ๐˜โ€™๐˜ด ๐˜Œ๐˜ฏ๐˜ท๐˜ช๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ญ ๐˜๐˜ฎ๐˜ฑ๐˜ข๐˜ค๐˜ต: ๐˜•๐˜ข๐˜ท๐˜ช๐˜จ๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜œ๐˜ฏ๐˜ค๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ด ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜š๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ฑ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜๐˜ถ๐˜ต๐˜ถ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ, contributing to discussions with experts from international organisations, academia, industry, NGOs, and legal practice.

His presentation examined emerging governance approaches across selected economies, including developments in China, Singapore, the UK, ASEAN, and the EU, while addressing broader challenges arising from rapid technological change, governance mismatches, energy supply pressures, and regulatory capacity gaps.

The discussion also explored pathways for future governance, including learning from historical regulatory experiences, aligning incentives, developing innovative governance tools, and navigating complex policy trade-offs in the governance of AIโ€™s environmental impact.

Join our global AI and Law community at the ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐ง ๐€๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‹๐š๐ฐ (๐ˆ๐‚๐€๐ˆ๐‹), ta...
16/05/2026

Join our global AI and Law community at the ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐ง ๐€๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‹๐š๐ฐ (๐ˆ๐‚๐€๐ˆ๐‹), taking place from 8โ€“12 June 2026 at Singapore Management University. As the foremost international conference dedicated to research at the intersection of AI and law since 1987, ICAIL brings together leading scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to advance critical conversations shaping the future of the field.

This yearโ€™s conference marks a significant milestone as ICAIL is hosted in Asia for the first time, by the International Association for Artificial Intelligence and Law (IAAIL), in cooperation with the ACM-SIGAI and the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), together with SMU Yong Pung How School of Law. Secure your place before early bird registration closes on 22 May!

Register here: https://www.conftool.net/icail2026/
Learn more: https://site.smu.edu.sg/icail-2026

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