國立成功大學地球科學系Department of Earth Sciences, NCKU

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國立成功大學地球科學系Department of Earth Sciences, NCKU 本專頁提供地球科學系最新消息及活動花絮。

本系創立於1968年,1990年成立碩士班,1996年成立博士班,2003年成立碩士在職專班。研究領域包括:岩石地球化學、海洋化學、同位素地球化學、礦物學、岩石學、古生物學、海洋學、水文地質學、海洋物理、地球物理學、大地測量、衛星遙測、構造地質學、礦物材料科技應用、環境及水文科技應用、地質災害調查及防治、衛星資訊與大地測量、地質及地理資訊應用...等,多元化及各面向之地球科學實務課程。

**資安宣導**今日(2017/05/18)計網中心邀請中華電信資安處王歆綺工程師給予「電子郵件社交工程&APT攻擊與案例分享」的演講以及此次WannaCry2.0勒索病毒的簡介及防範。請各位老師及同學參考附件之說明。*注意* 附件中對於W...
18/05/2017

**資安宣導**
今日(2017/05/18)計網中心邀請中華電信資安處王歆綺工程師給予「電子郵件社交工程&APT攻擊與案例分享」的演講以及此次WannaCry2.0勒索病毒的簡介及防範。請各位老師及同學參考附件之說明。

*注意* 附件中對於WannaCry所提供的解決方法部分涉及電腦和新系統的更正,若無完全把握請諮詢專業人士先行評估。

P.S. 請參考斟酌使用

04/04/2017

[專題討論]
時間:106年4月7日(五) 下午兩點
地點:理化大樓 格致廳小講堂
主持人:龔慧貞 老師
主講人:(1)張正達同學 (2)陳芯羽同學
演講題目:
(1)Variations of pH, seed germination and C/N in kitchens, plant leaves and food waste composts in Tainan city
(2)Mantle Sources and Tectonic Affinities of the Accreted Basalts in Southern Taiwan

摘要(1):
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Food waste (i.e. cooking wastes and food residuals) and green waste (i.e. pruning yard wastes and fallen leaves) are the major organic municipal solid wastes in Taiwan. Food waste makes up 18–20% and green waste 22–30% of the total municipal solid waste by weight (Taiwan EPA Statistics, 2015). Composting, which biologically decomposes and stabilizes organic substances under thermophilic conditions as a result of biologically produced heat, is a proven method for treatment of green waste and food waste.

The stability and maturity of compost are often referred to as the compost quality. The stability typically refers to microbial activity and can be defined by the respiration index or the conversion of various chemical species in compost organic
matter, while maturity refers to the amount of degradation of phytotoxic organic substances and is generally measured by the germination index or plant bioassays. Stable and mature compost can be applied to soil as an organic amendment to
improve plant growth and soil fertility, as well as enhancing the function of soil for carbon sequestration. However, the application of unstable and immature compost would fix nitrogen in the soil and restrict plant growth by competing for oxygen in the rhizosphere and releasing toxic substances.

The objectives for this study are (1) to evaluate the relationships between compost quality and the extractions, and (2) to evaluate pH effects on the growth of vegetable crops. Sixty composts were collected and analyzed to evaluate their quality profile and examine their compliance with the local environmental specifications. This provides further understanding of compost quality that applying different manufacturing methods and waste materials.

Our results suggest that pH plays a critical role in RSG, and is always below 10% if pH 2% L.O.I., reflecting
post-magmatic alteration. The comparison to ocean basalt compositions and L.O.I. variation diagrams indicate that the major element compositions were modified by ostmagmatic
processes to varying extents, except TiO2 and P2O5. REE simulations showed that at least six distinct mantle sources are required for the accreted basalts, revealing the extents of the compositional heterogeneities of the mantle sources. An affinity to the basalts from the overlying Philippine Sea plate is considered for the OIB samples and EMORB samples based on the similarity in the Pb and Hf isotope ratios and eNd–eHf relationship. The TiO2–P2O5 plot indicates that the N-MORB samples were accreted from South China Sea floor. The subducting slab affinity of the N-MORB and the overlying slab affinity of the E-MORB and OIB in a accretionary prism together can be an indicator of subduction polarity to add a constraint to the tectonic evolution history of ancient convergent zones.

[專題討論時間]本周專討本系吳銘志老師邀請到庶古文創事業股份有限公司  邵美華 博士 給予演講-------------------------------------------------------------------------...
23/03/2017

[專題討論時間]
本周專討本系吳銘志老師邀請到庶古文創事業股份有限公司 邵美華 博士 給予演講
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時間:106年3月24日(五) 下午兩點
地點:理化大樓 格致廳小講堂
主持人:吳銘志 老師
主講人:庶古文創事業股份有限公司 邵美華 博士
演講題目:最夯的年代- 讓史前澎湖七美玄武岩的風華再現
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以下檢附 庶古文創事業股份有限公司 官方網站以供參考了解
http://www.archaeo-c.com/Default.aspx
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摘要全文:
研究石斧的製作工藝是一把鑰匙,一把解開史前人類思想行為的鑰匙,而澎湖七美島大規模的採礦及石斧作坊遺址就是這把鑰匙要進入的寶庫。

根據考古學者研究,澎湖七美島橄欖石玄武岩在四千多年前風行新石器時代的臺灣,臺灣西南部大坌坑及牛稠子文化出土的橄欖石玄武岩所製成的石斧,及中國福建東山島大帽山遺址出土的石錛等,經科學分析極有可能皆來自澎湖七美島。七美島在史前的風光程度可由幾乎沿海岸線多處大規模的史前石器作坊可見一般。作者初步研究臺南南部科學園區內三抱竹南遺址發掘出的橄欖石玄武岩石斧更見中國東南方五千年前良渚文化玉石鉞製作模式,史前澎湖七美島人是如何採礦、打剝出石斧雛形?七美島人和上述地區與文化
的關係,究竟如何?七美製作的石斧輸出的範圍?都是極需藉由考古發掘這把鑰匙才能進入七美寶庫。

新石器時代的定義就是磨製石器的開始,然而,綜觀當今全世界石器考古發展,對石斧磨製工藝的了解仍然相當有限,這是因為磨製石斧作坊等相關的考古證據較少發現,也因此石斧磨製工藝的研究相對的少,數千年的時間長河流逝,地貌人文的變更,世界重要史前文明石器作坊大多消失無蹤,唯有澎湖七美島,仍然可見史前採礦到製作流程的大規模考古遺址,七美島的石器考古研究,將可改寫世界新石器時代考古史。

整個澎湖七美島係一玄武岩島,人為破壞少,因此有幸仍見四千多年前的石器作坊景觀,仍然是值得發掘的重要考古遺址。至於發掘方式,不能再是傳統新石器時代的發掘方式,而需以舊石器時代的細緻發掘,並結合全世界地質及石器研究的各領域專業學者共同努力,藉由嚴謹的發掘,相信必可揭開史前七美人與其處的大自然玄武岩礦的互動。

研究新石器石斧的重要性,其實是一個非常重要的課題,石斧是新石器時代人們所使用的最重要器物之一,它是砍伐生產和保護家園及族群的最佳工具也是最佳武器,唯有採用西方考古的石器製作理論與研究態度,在其建立的採礦、打剝到成品及交流互動等操作鏈理論的根基上繼續努力,才能對人類的過去和行為模式有更進一步的認識。

目前正朝島嶼博物館進行的澎湖七美島,若能即時結合四千年前人們對大自然的了解與運用的研究,與現今的人文發展與壯觀的柱狀玄武岩自然環境,才是結合人文與自然的最佳普世價值的遺址,也是極需被列入世界遺產的最重要原因,必需由全世界各領域共同保存維護的遺址,讓我們一同努力,使史前七美風華再現。

中文關鍵詞:橄欖石玄武岩石斧,七美玄武岩,世界磨製石器考古,採礦與石器作坊

[專題討論時間]本周專討本系吳銘志老師邀請到來自阿拉斯加大學 黃玄靈 榮譽教授 給予本系教職員學生演講,請大家踴躍參加!!-----------------------------------------------------------...
13/03/2017

[專題討論時間]
本周專討本系吳銘志老師邀請到來自阿拉斯加大學 黃玄靈 榮譽教授 給予本系教職員學生演講,請大家踴躍參加!!
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時間:106年3月17日(五) 下午兩點
地點:理化大樓 格致廳小講堂
主持人:吳銘志 老師
主講人:美國阿拉斯加大學 地質工程學系 黃玄靈 榮譽教授
演講題目:Permafrost Engineering – Pipeline Constructions
詳細摘要附於貼文最下方。
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以下附上阿拉斯加州立大學參考網站,有興趣老師同學可前往查看。阿拉斯加州立大學費爾班克斯分校
http://www.uaf.edu/
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摘要全文:
In Alaska, Northern Canada, and West Siberia, many civil projects have been undertaken in various terrains, including both continuous and discontinuous permafrost with varying content of ground ice. In addition to the challenging terrains, engineers working in the arctic regions must face the obvious harsh climates, the remoteness of construction sites, and the limited construction seasons.

Construction and maintenance of civil projects in cold regions require an understanding of the geo-environment governed by the existence of permafrost and the ability to cope with the associated problems. The associated engineering problems are often caused by alteration of thermal regime of the ground in or above which onstructions take place. For examples, a warm oil pipeline can cause thawing of ice-rich permafrost and subsequent subsidence of the ground. A chilled gas pipeline can, however, cause frost heave of talik and subsequent failure of the pipeline. The general engineering practice is to disturb permafrost as little as possible in order to maintain a stable foundation for engineering structure. The method of construction reserving the permafrost is called the passive method; alternately, destroying or removing of permafrost during construction is the active method.

In this presentation, several examples of permafrost-related engineering challenges and current and future major construction projects in the arctic regions will be discussed.

02/03/2017

專題討論
時間:106年3月3日(五) 下午兩點
地點:理化大樓 格致廳小講堂
主持人:陳燕華 老師
主講人:(1)蔡敏嘉同學 (2)曾柏鈞同學
演講題目:
(1)全新世中期以來台灣地區高山土壤剖面及其環境變遷評估
(2)Coseismic and Postseismic Velocity Changes caused by the 2016 Mw 6.5 Meinong, Taiwan Earthquake using Ambient Seismic Noise
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摘要(1):
環境變遷議題近年受到高度關注,而高山土壤未受到人為活動干擾, 為研究區域尺度環境變遷的重要工具,土壤的化育受到時間、母岩、地形、氣候和生物等因素的影響,是為各種環境因子下的產物,長時間尺度下,氣候則是成土過程最有影響力的因素。氣候系統和陸源風化作用構成一個相互影響的回饋機制。陸源風化作用與二氧化碳量的連動關係,將擾動氣候狀態,而氣候狀態變動也將影響陸源風化的程度。與大氣相比,有更多的碳儲存在土壤中,作為碳循環的重要角色,並且可能因氣候變遷導致改變,對於氣候變遷影響碳儲存的變化意見分歧。在本研究中採集台灣中部高山全新世中期以來四個土壤剖面,分別為合歡山兩個土壤剖面、八通關一個土壤剖面、南華天池一個土壤剖面,依照美國農部土壤分類法四者皆為典型腐植冷凍弱育土(Typic Humicryepts),特別的是台灣高山土壤剖面普遍有明顯碳層存在,過去研究中對於土壤來源及風化反應了解甚少,本研究預計使用土壤剖面的主要元素、微量元素、硼同位素並與過去岩性、鍶同位素研究綜合比較,試圖了解此區域的風化來源及水岩反應的過程。鍶同位素為良好地質示蹤計,與主要元素和硼同位素搭配能夠有效辨別來自不同母岩的風化來源,硼元素易溶於流體、易揮發、對pH值反應靈敏、維管束植物生長必須,其元素穩定核種相對質量差異大、自然界固相/液相分化明顯等特色,對於水岩反應、化學風化的良好指標性,為指示出水岩反應與環境變遷的良好工具。
本研究參考Pi (2014)的酸溶解萃取方法,有效降低化學消化過程對硼的潛在污染以及氣化損失,並以感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜儀(ICP-OES)對樣品進行濃度量測,初步數據顯示土壤剖面的硼濃度範圍位於53.4ug/g~83.2ug/g與總體密度呈現正相關,與土壤水、有機碳、無定形鐵鋁呈現負相關,應受控於母岩成份、土壤質地與粒徑、有機質、土壤酸鹼度,但詳細控制因子仍需近一步驗證。未來將使用目前已發展成熟的微昇華純化技術提取硼同位素,萃取硼同位素進一步分析,再以多接收器感應耦合電漿質譜儀(MC-ICP-MS, Thermo-Fisher, Neptune)進行量測,探討硼同位素在各分層間的變化,分析其中硼同位素及主要元素討論風化反應的能力,希望釐清土壤中主要元素、微量元素、硼同位素的垂直變化與風化程度強弱的關係,藉以剖析長時間尺度的環境變遷。

摘要(2):
The 6 February 2016 MW 6.5 Meinong earthquake with a focal depth of 14.6 km produced widespread strong shaking in the 30-km-away Tainan city and caused about 10 buildings collapsed and 117 death. We collected seismic waveforms from 11 broadband stations within 40 km epicentral distances and reconstruct the Green’s functions from cross-correlation function of ambient seismic noise between two stations. We first analyzed seismic data for six different frequency ranges from 0.01 to 2 Hz, which yielded time series for different station pairs from January 2014 to August 2016. Then we used an exponential model to fit the time series of velocity variation consisting of a coseismic velocity drop followed by seasonal changes and postseismic recovery. We found coseismic velocity drops of about 0.20% mostly in 0.5 to 1 Hz at the Hsinhua fault area and the region 20 km SW of the epicenter, however postseismic velocity variation differs between these two regions. The time series of velocity change presented a non-recovery trend in the Hsinhua fault area, however the SW region is indicated by a recovering trend three months after the Meinong earthquake. For the surface wave tomography results in southwestern Taiwan, the regional geological structures are recognizable in the estimated phase-velocity dispersion maps. The dispersion map in the 7.0s Rayleigh wave displays low velocity in the alluvial plain, but indicates high velocity in the north of the Hsinhua fault. The anisotropy direction changes from SSW in the south to SW in the north, which followed the strike of regional geological structure. During the three months of the postseismic period, based on the GPS observations in the Hsinhua fault area, the block south of the fault continuously moved 15 - 20 mm along the southwest direction while the north of the fault remained stationary. The Hsinhua fault is located near the boundary between the Tainan basin and the muddy continental shelf, and where the block south of the fault is on the continental slope. We suggest that the coseismic velocity drop was caused by the earthquake shaking in the soft deposited materials with increase of porosity. The shorter recovery time and thus velocity increase in the block south of the Hsinhua fault was resulted from the afterslip of the Meinong earthquake, which resulted in the stress increases and the closure of the micro-fracture. On the contrary, the Hsinhua fault acts as a barrier blocked the afterslip south of the fault.

22/02/2017

專題討論演講
時間:106年2月24日(五) 下午兩點
地點:理化大樓 格致廳小講堂
主持人:楊耿明 老師
主講人:同濟大學 海洋與地球科學學院 黃奇瑜老師
演講題目:Juxtaposed forearc sequence stratigraphy in response to bivergent thrusting by oblique collision offshore and onshore eastern Taiwan

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摘要:
The North Luzon Trough forearc basin in the oblique arc-continent collision zone offshore SE Taiwan displays a bivergent thrusting to accommodate a space shortening by an active oblique collision. Westward thrusting occurs first along the arc-prism boundary in the west, followed by eastward back-thrusting along the arc backstop in the east. Synchronous bivergent thrusting with sedimentation leads to a juxtaposition of three forearc sequences bounded by two unconformities. From east to west across the orogenic strike, forearc strata get older, whiles deformations become intensive. Similar juxtaposed sequence stratigraphy and syn-sedimentation deformations are also recorded in the obducted forearc sequences onshore the Coastal Range, eastern Taiwan, despite the latter were further deformed by west-propagating thrusting during obduction in the last 1 Ma. Juxtaposition of the forearc stratigraphy, multiple stages of thrusting with contrasted structure vergence, and final emplacements of Early Miocene SSZ blocks during the obduction account for developments of the modern-forming forearc Lichi Mélange in the Coastal Range.

30/11/2016

專題討論演講
時間:105年12月2日(五) 下午兩點
地點:理化大樓 格致廳小講堂
主持人:梁碧清 老師
主講人:中山大學 海洋科學系 林玉詩 老師
演講題目:Biogeochemical processes and material exchange in the silty intertidal sediment of an open-coast tidal flat (Chongming Eastern Flat, China)

本周演講無摘要。

請大家踴躍出席!

22/11/2016

專題討論演講
時間:105年11月25日(五) 下午兩點
地點:理化大樓 格致廳小講堂
主持人:楊懷仁 老師
主講人:長興材料工業股份有限公司特用材料事業單位 趙郁文協理
演講題目:無機材料的發展與機會

摘要:

老牌企業台泥,台塑,裕隆走過台灣發展的一甲子,比起國外企業老牌算是小生,德國BASF, BMW, Siemens,荷蘭 飛利浦, DSM, Shell, 法國 雪鐵龍,Total 美 GM, Ford, Exxon, IBM 日本,Toyota, Panasonics, Hitachi,....都是百年以上的公,然而舊有的遊戲規則在日新月異的新世紀已經越來越不管用,在資訊,金融無界的今天,舊秩序所架構出來的思維模式已經逐漸式微,各國的大企業無不戰戰兢的思考如何在這場全球的混戰中不被淘汰.國崛起的模式(法西斯模式)已成為許多開發中國家發展的模式的模仿型!再另一方面共產主義的垮台,讓資本主義失去制衡的力量,資本主義的無限制脹造成各國各企業為求自身的發展(生存)已逐漸失去對社會應負的責任.而人類的欲望卻是刺激產業往前進的動力,因此對材料的需求也日新月異,自然定律與開新產品的開發日益困難.這障礙也提供了各公司及材料平等的發機會,尤其是無機材料的新應用的差距相對更小!譬如 TiO2 光觸媒之防污塗料,雲母之化妝品,ZrO2 之高折射率需求...等等都已經超出有機物及金屬材料的能的性質.

對這些大哉問的問題,我如何面對,如何準備來因應?請聽聽過來人的心聲.

【活動消息】穩定同位素實驗室 2016/11/25(五)辦理「農業產品及食品產源鑑識分析工作坊」歡迎參加!地球科學系穩定同位素實驗室承辦行政院農業委員會「大蒜產源穩定同位素鑑識技術提昇與資源整合計畫」,訂於105年11月25日(星期五)與行...
16/11/2016

【活動消息】穩定同位素實驗室 2016/11/25(五)辦理「農業產品及食品產源鑑識分析工作坊」歡迎參加!

地球科學系穩定同位素實驗室承辦行政院農業委員會「大蒜產源穩定同位素鑑識技術提昇與資源整合計畫」,訂於105年11月25日(星期五)與行政院農業委員會農業試驗所共同辦理「農業產品及食品產源鑑識分析工作坊」,敬邀蒞臨參與指教,並協助轉知相關領域人員謝謝。

工作坊會議時間、地點及議程:

(一)時間:2016年11月25日(星期五)09:00至16:50。

(二)地點:行政院農業委員會農業試驗所(生物技術組)國際會議廳(臺中市霧峰區萬豐里中正路189號)

(三)議程:詳如附件。

工作坊報名方式說明:

(一)本研討會採網路線上報名,有意願參加之來賓,請於即日起至11月23日期間,至報名網站進行線上報名。

(二)報名網址:https://goo.gl/J1JWTQ
其他詳細內容請見地科系網頁公告。

03/11/2016

專題討論演講
時間:105年11月4日(五) 下午兩點
地點:理化大樓 格致廳小講堂
主持人:游鎮烽 老師
主講人:中山大學 海洋科學系 黃蔚人 教授
演講題目:近岸碳動力學之理論及應用

摘要:
二氧化碳為重要的溫室氣體,由於人類燃燒化石燃料造成大氣中不斷增加的二氧化碳 濃度,目前被認為是造成全球暖化的主要原因,同時也會造成海洋酸化。近來發現河流與 湖泊中的二氧化碳變化對全球碳循環也有一定的重要性,亦可能對該水域的海洋酸化有重 要影響。

二氧化碳系統在大陸棚以及近岸海域的時間與空間有相當高度的變化。近岸水體中二 氧化碳的變化還會受到河川輸入的混合作用影響,河川若帶來高濃度的營養鹽將可能造成 沿岸水質優養化,上述物理以及生物作用都可能透過無機碳的動力學變化影響該水域的酸 鹼度。上述的過程將以密西西比河主控的北墨西哥灣大陸棚海域為例來探討其中變化。此 外,沖淡水的分布還會受到該區域的風力以及河水流量影響,例如在 2010 年三月時,受到 異常的氣候影響,該海域主要吹起北風,沖淡水因此往跨越到平常到不了的外海,並影響 外海的二氧化碳分壓分布。而在 2009 年七月,沖淡水的分布則受西風以及西南風影響。 上述兩個例子都將將影響墨西哥灣中遠洋的二氧化碳海氣交換通量。透過三端元混合模式 顯示,該海域生物作用中,碳氮磷的比例主要是依照 Redfield ratio,但夏季時接近海 水底層的二氧化碳系統還會受到缺氧後引起的影響。
未來的研究對象包括台灣周圍沿海許多特殊的海洋物理以及海洋生物特性,例如南 海的內波、渦旋、還有珊瑚礁等,將透過過碳酸鹽系統了解這些特性如何影響氣候變遷或 是海洋酸化,並將跨領域至地質及養殖漁業來研究或應用碳酸鹽系統。

27/10/2016

【專題演講】105/10/28(五)
時間:105年10月28日(五) 下午兩點
地點:理化大樓 格致廳小講堂
主持人:簡錦樹老師
主講人:中興大學 土壤環境科學系 鄒裕民 榮譽特聘教授
演講題目:Soil organic matter-formation, extraction, and environmental implications

摘要:
This talk will cover four topics of (1) the formation of humic substances in soils through a humification process (i.e., forming humic substances); (2) extraction of humin using a novel procedure of sequential exhaustive extraction (SEE); (3) interactions of organic compounds with environmental contaminant of Cr(VI); and (4) production and environmental importance of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-Fe co-precipitates. The oxidative polymerization of polyphenol (OPP), catalyzed by MnO2, is an important reaction of humification in soils. In the first topic, the role of Fe (hydr)oxides in the influences of the humification process through the OPP pathway will be discussed. Humin, a persistent organic component, explains as high as 50% organic C in soil. However, its chemical structure is les examined because the conventional method proposed by international humic substance society (IHSS) exhibits inefficient extraction of humin. In the second topic, the use of SEE method to extract the humic substances from a vocalic soil will be introduced and compared with those extracted by IHSS technique. In the third topic, a serial of redox reactions involving organic materials and Cr(VI), will be discussed to demonstrate the importance of organic compositions for scavenging toxic Cr(VI). The final topic, I will demonstrate the structures of naturally occurring DOC-Fe co-precipitates and the possible environmental impacts of the co-precipitates to pollutants.

Address

大學路1號
Tainan
70101

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