08/13/2026
Adam Smith is often portrayed as a defender of laissez-faire and the pursuit of wealth. But his writings reveal a more complicated concern: How does economic inequality shape political power?
Brianne Wolf examines Smith’s account of wealth alongside the American founders, arguing that both recognized the dangers of concentrated wealth as simultaneously moral-psychological and political-economic. Smith worried that our tendency to admire the rich could distort moral judgment, while also recognizing that wealth could be translated into political influence, privileged access, and institutions that protect entrenched interests.
Yet Smith’s answer was not simply to eliminate inequality. Instead, he emphasized institutional constraints: the rule of law, freer trade, limits on privilege and monopoly, greater public contributions from the wealthy, and policies that expand the capabilities of the least advantaged.
The result is a Smith who speaks directly to enduring debates over inequality, oligarchy, and the relationship between economic and political power.
July 17, 2024 ... for Smith, and most of the founders, the moral psychological problem of wealth is not something that can be resolved, and so each suggest institutional solutions to the problem. Smith, in particular, focuses on political economic solutions or institutions to address the potential d...