06/29/2026
A recent study by WWU researchers reveals a 93% historical loss of persistent, old-growth grasslands in the San Juan Islands.
Native grasslands support biodiversity, provide habitat for endemic species, control erosion, sequester carbon, and serve as important cultural sites for Coast Salish peoples.
In the paper "Historical Loss of Native Old-Growth Grasslands on the San Juan Islands, Washington," published in the journal Ecologies, Kailey Schillinger-Brokaw, who earned a master’s degree in environmental studies with a focus on geography and GIS in 2023, and Aquila Flower, professor of geography in the Environmental Studies Department and director of Western’s Spatial Institute, analyzed historical land cover data and multispectral aerial imagery. Their work produced spatial datasets and maps that highlight dramatic land cover changes, including a 77% net decrease in non-agricultural grasslands and a 93% loss of persistent, old-growth grasslands across the region since 1890.
Read more in WWU News: https://news.wwu.edu/wwu-researchers-document-93-historical-loss-of-persistent-old-growth-grasslands-in-the-san-juan
WWU College of the Environment Graduate Program
Images:
1: Kailey Schillinger-Brokaw visited Lopez Island in 2022 to meet with local ecologists and conservationists and ground-truth the data used to create maps documenting native grasslands changes in the San Juan Islands. Photo by Aquila Flower.
2. Kailey Schillinger-Brokaw, left, and Lamai Larsen (M.A. 2025) inspect a grassland on Lopez Island in 2022. Native grasslands support biodiversity, host endemic species, control erosion, sequester carbon, and are important cultural places for Coast Salish peoples. Photo by Aquila Flower.
3. Researchers created a language of visual cues to help classify data from different sources. This image compares how a forested area on Orcas Island in an 1890 hand-drawn map, left, appears as cleared land in a 1932 aerial photograph at right.
4. A map by the study's authors shows changes in grassland land cover on the San Juan Islands indicating an overall 77% net decrease in the extent of non-agricultural grasslands and a 93% loss in persistent, old-growth grasslands between 1890 and 2021.