10/14/2026
An assignment can be clear about the topic, length, and deadline while leaving another question open: what kinds of claims, evidence, and reasoning does it invite?
In “Writing Entailment: Aligning Assignments, Text Features, and Outcomes,” Christiane Donahue and Lynn Foster-Johnson examine more than 600 student papers at one university. They trace relationships between a paper’s purpose and the writing moves students make—and consider how those patterns align with intended learning outcomes.
Analyzing an object, arguing a viewpoint, and informing through research offered different occasions for students to practice particular moves. Choosing the task also meant choosing opportunities for practice, though those opportunities didn’t always align with the course goals.
The authors offer a manageable place to begin: informal notes while reading student work. What keeps appearing? What do you hope to see that rarely shows up? Those observations can give us a reason to return to the prompt.
What does your assignment invite students to do—and how does that match what you hope they’ll learn?
There’s more to explore in CS 54.1, where you’ll find “Writing Entailment.” Follow the link in our bio to get to know the journal and see what else is in the issue.