08/27/2026
When it comes to AI-assisted medical diagnosis, one size may not fit all.
A new study from LIDS PI Marzyeh Ghassemi and collaborators found that AI assistance generally helped both clinicians and non-experts more accurately diagnose skin diseases—but AI explanations affected the two groups differently.
Non-experts were more likely to trust AI recommendations, even when they were wrong. They became especially reliant on the AI when its recommendations included LLM-generated explanations—even when those explanations were incorrect, vague, or overly generic.
Clinicians were less likely to be misled by incorrect AI advice and actually performed best when they received only the AI model’s prediction, without an added explanation.
The research suggests that effective medical AI systems may need to account for who is using them—and provide different kinds of support based on users’ expertise.
Read more at MIT News: https://bit.ly/4gv0jR7
The research team includes: Xuhai ‘Orson’ Xu, Haoyu Hu, Haoran Zhang, Will Ke Wang, Reina Wang, Luis R. Soenksen, Omar Badri, Sheharbano Jafry, Elise Burger, Lotanna Nwandu, Apoorva Mehta, Erik P. Duhaime, Asif Qasim, Hause Lin, Janis Karleen Pereira, Jonathan Hershon, Paulius Mui, Alejandro A. Gru, Noémie Elhadad, Lena Mamykina, Matthew Groh, Philipp Tschandl, Roxana Daneshjou & Marzyeh Ghassemi
MIT EECS Department MIT Schwarzman College of Computing MIT School of Engineering