02/05/2026
Plant Spotlight: Winterberry Holly (Ilex verticillata):
Looking for a native shrub that offers year-round interest while providing outstanding benefits for wildlife? Winterberry holly is an excellent choice for both home landscapes and naturalized areas. This deciduous shrub is native to our region, with a natural range stretching from the mountains of Alabama north into Canada and west to Minnesota. Unlike evergreen hollies, winterberries drop their leaves in the fall, revealing a spectacular display of bright red berries that stand out beautifully against winter snow.
Winterberry holly is a slow-growing, multi-stemmed shrub with an upright to rounded form. It typically reaches 10 to 15 feet in height, although some cultivars remain much smaller. Though its leaves are serrated, they lack the sharp spines commonly found on other hollies. Its small greenish-white flowers bloom from May through June. Because winterberry is dioecious, male and female flowers occur on separate plants. At least one male plant is required nearby for female plants to produce the iconic berries.
This shrub truly shines in late fall and early winter, when perfectly round, glossy, red berries line the bare branches and persist long after leaf drop. During bloom, winterberry attracts ladybugs and a wide variety of native pollinators, including bumble bees, mining bees, sweat bees, small carpenter bees, and plasterer bees. It is also a host plant for the caterpillars of 34 species of butterflies and moths, including Henry’s Elfin butterfly and Harris’s three-spot moth. In winter, the berries provide an important food source for small mammals and more than 48 species of birds, such as robins, bluebirds, waxwings, and mockingbirds. While invaluable for wildlife, the berries are toxic to humans.
Winterberry holly is both beautiful and practical in the landscape. It is an excellent choice for rain gardens due to its tolerance of wet soils. It also works well in shrub borders, as hedges and foundation plantings, and in native plant gardens. Its winter impact is especially striking when planted in mass groupings.
Once established, winterberry holly is low maintenance as long as its basic needs are met. Early autumn is the ideal time for planting to allow for strong root establishment. The plant performs best in full sun to part shade, with full sun encouraging heavier berry production. It prefers medium to wet soils and can tolerate average soils with supplemental watering during dry periods. Acidic soil is essential, as winterberry will not thrive in alkaline conditions.
Winterberry pairs beautifully with other moisture-loving native plants such as red osier dogwood and sweetbay magnolia. With its vibrant winter berries, adaptability, and exceptional ecological value, winterberry holly is a must-have native shrub for gardeners who want beauty with purpose. Author: Jessica DeMartino
Photo: Winterberry in Winter by Jessica DeMartino