08/31/2026
Sixty years ago, Constance Baker Motley was confirmed to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York — becoming the first Black woman to sit as a federal judge in the United States.
That was one achievement on a long list of “firsts” for her: She was among the first Black women — technically the second — to graduate from Columbia Law School in 1946. She was the first woman attorney hired by the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, working alongside future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. She was the first woman of color to argue before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1961, and the first Black woman elected to the New York state Senate in 1964.
Growing up in 1920s Connecticut, Motley had no shortage of potential barriers. She was a Black girl during a time of widespread social and legal discrimination, and the ninth of 12 children in a working-class family hit by the financial upheaval of the Great Depression. But at the age of 15, she decided she wanted to be a lawyer.
“No one thought this was a good idea, and I received no encouragement,” Motley wrote in “Equal Justice Under Law,” her 1999 autobiography. “I was the kind of person who would not be put down," she continued. “I rejected any notion that my race or s*x would bar my success in life.”
After President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated Motley to the federal bench, she brought her background as an accomplished civil rights attorney to the judiciary. In her time as a federal judge, she heard several cases related to gender equality.
The 1975 gender discrimination lawsuit, Blank v. Sullivan & Cromwell, ended in a settlement, but Motley issued a procedural ruling requiring the New York law firm to answer questions from women plaintiffs about their hiring and promotion practices. She ruled in Ludtke v. Kuhn in 1978that the New York Yankees violated Melissa Ludtke’s constitutional rights when the team refused to allow women reporters into the locker room.
✍️: Candice Norwood, justice reporter
📸: Bettman/Getty Images