Information Technology lessons

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12/09/2023

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26/10/2022

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24/05/2022

To make yall understand What is Information Technology

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24/05/2022

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24/05/2022

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22/05/2022

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05/10/2021

Next time shall be taking abt NUMBER SYSTEM

05/10/2021

CD ROM Drive



CD ROM drives are so well standardized and have become so ubiquitous that many treat them as commodity items. Although CD ROM drives differ in reliability, which standards they support and numerous other respects, there are two important performance measures.



· Data transfer rate

· Average access



Data transfer rate: Data transfer rate means how fast the drive delivers sequential data to the interface. This rate is determined by drive rotation speed, and is rated by a number followed by ‗X‘. All the other things equal, a 32X drive delivers data twice the speed of a 16X drive. Fast data transfer rate is most important when the drive is used to transfer the large file or many sequential smaller files. For example: Gaming video.



CD ROM drive transfers the data at some integer multiple of this basic 150 KB/s 1X rate. Rather than designating drives by actual KB/s output drive manufacturers use a multiple of the standard 1X rate. For example: a 12X drive transfer data at (12*150KB/s) 1800 KB/s and so on.



The data on a CD is saved on tracks, which spirals from the center of the CD to outer edge. The portions of the tracks towards center are shorter than those towards the edge. Moving the data under the head at a constant rate requires spinning the disc faster as the head moves from the center where there is less data per revolution to the edge where there is more data. Hence the rotation rate of the disc changes as it progresses from inner to outer portions of the disc.





CD Writers



CD recordable and CD rewritable drives are collectively called as CD writers or CD burners. They are essentially CD ROM drives with one difference. They have a more powerful laser that, in addition to reading discs, can record data to special CD media.



Pen Drives / Flash Drives

· Pen Drives / Flash Drives are flash memory storage devices.



· They are faster, portable and have a capability of storing large data.

·· It consists of a small printed circuit board with a LED encased in a robust plastic

· The male type connector is used to connect to the host PC

· They are also used a MP3 players

05/10/2021

Recordable Optical Technologies

• CD-Recordable (CD-R)

• CD-Rewritable (CD-RW)

• PhotoCD

• DVD-Recordable (DVD-R)

• DVD-RAM

CD ROM - Compact Disc Read Only Memory.



Unlike magnetic storage device which store data on multiple concentric tracks, all CD formats store data on one physical track, which spirals continuously from the center to the outer edge of the recording area. Data resides on the thin aluminum substrate immediately beneath the label. The data on the CD is recorded as a series of microscopic pits and lands physically embossed on an aluminum substrate. Optical drives use a low power laser to read data from those discs without physical contact between the head and the disc which contributes to the high reliability and permanence of storage device.



To write the data on a CD a higher power laser are used to record the data on a CD. It creates the pits and land on aluminum substrate. The data is stored permanently on the disc. These types of discs are called as WORM (Write Once Read Many). Data written to CD cannot subsequently be deleted or overwritten which can be classified as advantage or disadvantage depending upon the requirement of the user. However if the CD is partially filled then the more data can be added to it later on till it is full. CDs are usually cheap and cost effective in terms of storage capacity and transferring the data.



The CD‘s were further developed where the data could be deleted and re written. These types of



CDs are called as CD Rewritable. These types of discs can be used by deleting the data and making the space for new data. These CD‘s can be written and rewritten at least 1000 times.

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