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On this day in 1835, Texans and Mexicans skirmished near San Antonio at the battle of Concepción, the opening engagement...
10/28/2026

On this day in 1835, Texans and Mexicans skirmished near San Antonio at the battle of Concepción, the opening engagement in the siege of Bexar. Some ninety Texans under the command of James Bowie and James W. Fannin, Jr., defeated a force of 275 Mexican soldiers and two cannons. Mexican losses included fourteen killed and thirty-nine wounded, some of whom died later. Texas losses included one killed and one wounded.

Caption from the Texas State Historical Association Handbook of Texas

Image of James Bowie leading the Texians at the Battle of Concepcion, 1835, Art by Gary Zaboly
📸 In-house photos from our Texas Center visit to Mission Concepcion in January 2026

On this day, way back in 1930, the SMU Mustangs christened Dallas’s brand-new Cotton Bowl with a 27–0 shutout of the Ind...
10/26/2026

On this day, way back in 1930, the SMU Mustangs christened Dallas’s brand-new Cotton Bowl with a 27–0 shutout of the Indiana Hoosiers. Since then, generations of fans have walked through those gates for football, concerts, soccer, and a whole lot of Texas memories.

What’s your first memory of the Cotton Bowl? A Texas–OU game? The Cowboys? A concert you still talk about?

The stadium’s story actually reaches back before that opening kickoff. In the 1890s, promoters tried unsuccessfully to build a wooden stadium at Fair Park for a world-championship prizefight. Dallas finally got a stadium there in 1921, when the 15,000-seat Fair Park Football Stadium opened. It hosted football and community events, but its first sellout didn’t come until Baylor and SMU met in 1923.

By 1930, Dallas was ready for something bigger. Workers replaced the old stadium with the 46,000-seat Fair Park Bowl, digging the playing field twenty-four feet below the original ground level and piling the excavated dirt around it to support the seating. The back rows stood about fifteen feet above the street.

Football wasn’t the only attraction. During the Texas Centennial Exposition in 1936, the stadium hosted the “Cavalcade of History,” an outdoor production with 250 actors. That same year, President Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke there before a crowd of 40,000.

Then came the game that helped make the Cotton Bowl a household name.

Dallas oilman J. Curtis Sanford came up with the Cotton Bowl Classic, and on January 1, 1937, about 17,000 fans watched TCU beat Marquette 16–6. The Horned Frogs’ roster included Sammy Baugh and Davey O’Brien, two names that would loom large in football history.

But the game wasn’t an instant financial success. Sanford lost $6,000 on the first one, and critics soon started calling his venture “Sanford’s Folly.” In 1940, only 12,000 paying customers showed up, leaving him with a $20,000 loss.

Things changed in 1941 when Sanford partnered with the Southwest Conference. Texas A&M’s matchup with Fordham sold 45,507 tickets, giving the Classic its first sellout and putting it on firmer footing. For decades, the game became a New Year’s tradition that matched the Southwest Conference champion against a highly regarded opponent. Later arrangements primarily paired teams from the Big 12 and Southeastern Conference.

Even World War II didn’t stop the game. In 1944, a team of servicemen from Randolph Field near San Antonio faced the Texas Longhorns in what became the Classic’s first tie.

As the crowds grew, the stadium needed work. Its original dirt-supported design created maintenance problems, and heavy rain from a tropical storm washed soil onto the field in 1947. The previous year, Mayor Woodall Rodgers had backed a renovation plan financed through $100 bonds. Buyers received the right to purchase reserved tickets for stadium events during the bonds’ thirty-year term.

The resulting construction practically rebuilt the place. In 1948, crews added 21,431 seats, bringing capacity to 67,431. Another expansion in 1949 raised it to 75,504 and added dressing rooms, a three-story press box, and an automatic sprinkler system.

The games themselves supplied plenty of unforgettable moments. Bobby Layne led Texas past Missouri in 1946. In 1948, undefeated SMU and Penn State arrived ranked third and fourth in the nation. That game also marked a breakthrough: Penn State’s Wally Triplett and Dennie Hoggard became the first Black players to compete in the Cotton Bowl. :chatgpt-content-reference{index="0"}

Then there was the 1954 game, when Alabama’s Tommy Lewis came off the bench to tackle Rice’s Dickie Maegle as he raced down the field. That one still belongs on any list of college football’s strangest moments.

Syracuse’s victory over Texas in the 1960 Classic capped its national championship season. Ten years later, Notre Dame ended its long-standing policy against postseason play to face top-ranked Texas. The Longhorns scored with just 1:08 remaining to win the game and finish their championship season unbeaten. Notre Dame got its revenge the following year, when Joe Theismann led the Irish to a 24–11 victory that snapped Texas’s thirty-game winning streak.

The Cotton Bowl also had a busy life beyond its signature bowl game. On April 11, 1950, it welcomed 53,748 fans for the Dallas Eagles’ Texas League baseball opener against Tulsa.

Professional football moved in, too. The NFL’s short-lived Dallas Texans played there in 1952. A different Dallas Texans team, this one in the AFL, called it home from 1960 through 1962 before moving to Kansas City and becoming the Chiefs. The Dallas Cowboys played there from their first season in 1960 into 1971, when they moved to Texas Stadium in Irving. Their last Cotton Bowl home game came on October 11, 1971. :chatgpt-content-reference{index="1"}

One of the Cowboys’ biggest early games took place there on January 1, 1967, when Green Bay defeated Dallas 34–27 for the NFL championship.

Meanwhile, television carried the Cotton Bowl tradition far beyond Dallas. The Classic first aired nationwide in 1953, and a long-term CBS agreement followed in 1958. That was also the year the Cotton Bowl Parade began. CBS started televising the parade in 1964, and by 1992 it reportedly drew 150,000 spectators downtown and twenty million television viewers. That year’s procession included forty-seven floats, six helium balloons, ten marching bands, and about 5,000 participants. Despite those crowds, the parade was canceled the following year after losing television coverage and business support.

Soccer brought another chapter. A controversial $2.8 million renovation in 1993–94 prepared the stadium for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. Workers removed seats to widen the field and replaced artificial turf with natural grass. The Dallas Burn, later renamed FC Dallas, also played at the Cotton Bowl during the years from 1996 to 2005. Further expansion in 2008 brought the stadium’s capacity to 92,100.

And it wasn’t all sports. The Cotton Bowl hosted fireworks, USO shows, speeches by General Douglas MacArthur, appearances by religious leaders such as Billy Graham and Norman Vincent Peale, and performances by entertainers including Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley. Rock concerts added their own noise and memories.

The Cotton Bowl Classic played its last game at its original home on January 2, 2009. But the stadium’s story continued through the Texas–Oklahoma rivalry, the State Fair Classic between Grambling State and Prairie View A&M, and games such as the Heart of Dallas Bowl.

For all the famous names and big games, some of the best stories belong to the people in the stands—the first trip with a parent, the seats your family always had, or the afternoon you watched your team pull off the impossible.

What’s the greatest game or performance you ever saw at the Cotton Bowl? Did anyone in your family attend those early Cowboys games or remember the Cotton Bowl Parade?

Share your memories below—and pass this along to someone who was sitting beside you.

TWO FAIRS. ONE TEXAS TRADITION.Before there was Big Tex, there was a big disagreement.The State Fair of Texas grew out o...
10/26/2026

TWO FAIRS. ONE TEXAS TRADITION.

Before there was Big Tex, there was a big disagreement.

The State Fair of Texas grew out of a Dallas rivalry that produced two competing fairs—opening just one day apart.

Earlier in 1886, a group of Dallas businessmen organized a fair association. Then they ran into a problem: nobody could agree on where to put the fairgrounds.

William H. Gaston favored an eighty-acre tract in East Dallas, now part of Fair Park. C. A. Keating, representing farm implement dealers, strongly opposed that location. Neither side budged, so Keating and his supporters broke away and organized a fair of their own.

On October 25, 1886, their Texas State Fair and Exposition opened on part of John Cole’s farm in north Dallas. The rival Dallas State Fair and Exposition opened in East Dallas the following day.

Both built exhibit facilities and racetracks. Both attracted crowds. The East Dallas fair alone drew an estimated 100,000-plus visitors.

But crowds didn’t translate into enough money. Neither fair brought in enough to cover its expenses.

In 1887, the rivals joined forces as the Texas State Fair and Dallas Exposition, making the East Dallas grounds their home.

Visitors came for horse racing, livestock, farm machinery, balloon ascents, and competitions in baking, preserving, and needlework. The fair became a tradition, but its troubles continued. A grandstand collapsed in 1900. The main exhibition building burned in 1902. Then a 1903 ban on gambling on horse races eliminated its chief source of income.

Dallas stepped in, purchasing the property in 1904 under an agreement that preserved an annual fall exposition.

The following year, 300,000 people came through the gates of the reorganized State Fair of Texas.

A disagreement over where to hold a fair had helped launch an institution that generations of Texans would make their own.

What’s your earliest State Fair memory—and who took you?

Source: Texas State Historical Association, Handbook of Texas, “State Fair of Texas.”

Image: Exposition Building, Dallas
Date: Cataloged as 1886–1907, not specifically opening day.
Publisher: Raphael Tuck & Sons.
Rights: University of Houston explicitly labels it “No Copyright—United States.”
Credit: “Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Houston Libraries.”

Just in time for Halloween, here's a spooky tale from Ed Syers, collected in his book, "Ghost Stories of Texas." I highl...
10/26/2026

Just in time for Halloween, here's a spooky tale from Ed Syers, collected in his book, "Ghost Stories of Texas." I highly recommend you search out a copy if you're a fan of Texas folklore.

"The Fiddler"

The river crept along, slack and dark; and its mouth, opening secretively into the Gulf, was already obscured by twilight.

Slowly the man rowed his boat into the current, pulling against it just enough to keep station on the point marking river’s end. He took care to dip his oars noiselessly, for he was waiting for the other sound.

He knew the legends of this “Singing River,” the San Bernard. If you search near its mouth for buried treasure, beware of the ghost music that will rise with darkness, and rise and rise until . . . Well, no one had stayed to hear it mount to crescendo.

If that were true, the men had concluded, the treasure still must be somewhere about.

What was it that he heard now? Surely, the working of tidal currents against a shell bottom. Yet there was a thinness, a reediness . . . like the sawing of a fiddle at some forgotten sea chantey. Indeed, from the near dark, he could distinguish some antique tune; still, he was listening less to its melody than to its volume.

Unquestionably, the sound was swelling.

The man stopped rowing; it was quite loud, clearly that of a fiddle now, an enormous one, and from the black water all about, it seemed to envelop him, threateningly discordant.

It pressed upon him like a wall, something that you could almost reach out and touch or—was it possible?—something that reached out for you. Was something about to rise from the water?

From the bank, they saw the boatman last when, not waiting to beach his craft, he scrambled out, leaped on his horse and whipped it away into the night. There had been just enough light to see his face—pale with terror.

This happened, they say, more than a century ago and, at the San Bernard’s mouth, near nowadays Brazosport and yesterday’s Velasco, it has been repeated many times since—to those who have been willing to dare the haunting of Fiddler’s Island.

In its brief, upper reaches, the San Bernard is a tenuous and inauspicious stream, gathering to full, dark flow only near the old Brazoria coast, a hundred miles from its head. You can reach the mouth by farm roads that follow the river from Churchill Bridge, west of the Brazoria-Freeport highway. There are some well-groomed houses, then cottages in sparse timber, finally the reedy, open coast and the Gulf beyond.

You come finally upon a cluster of stilt-legged beach houses and a well appointed River’s End camp. Just inshore, opposite a small white grocery are some fishing sheds where, some years ago, the weathered tavern of Henry and Nettie Overbay stood—it has long since burned—and where I learned of this story.

Behind the Overbay’s place, then, was a slip for small craft; now everything is dredged across to a low, treeless island. If fishing is your aim, you have reached sheltered moorage.

However, if you taunt it, this is also the center of old, old haunted ground where something once was hidden and guarded by fearful music that no one—so far as is known—has dared to endure to its end.

Just across, you are looking at Fiddler’s Island.

The legend of its naming varies with the teller. One account remembers colonial days when this coast landed Stephen F. Austin’s first colonists. A young musician was to bring his bride home here, but he lost her just hours before their wedding.

Grief-stricken—perhaps jilted—he shut himself away in his cabin. The girl disappeared; some suggest that she may have been buried in this loneliness. Passing by, early travelers could see the faintest light from the island cabin, and from it they could hear the cry of that man’s violin. He was never seen again, and time took his cabin as—over the years—it has modified the size and appearance of the island.

Yet on dark nights, his music remained. For the intruder who insisted on searching about, that music rose in volume until it became overwhelming.

A second version retreats even earlier in time to an 1816 pirate sloop, hurricane-driven to haven here, but crushed in the storm. There was a treasure chest from the Spanish brig, "Santa Rosa", sunk off Matagorda Island. There was a survivor—some say two: one who killed the other, then fled with a crude map of the treasure’s grave.

In time, a strange recluse appeared and contrived a shack near the river mouth. He fiddled the nights away with his jug and sea chanteys and through the days he searched the changeableness of shoreline. Hostile eyes watched; the ferocious Karankawa roamed this coast. Was it the Indian who killed this one? Did one pirate kill another? For it was told that the man was found on his pallet, head and fiddle split, and everything scoured by a searching ferocity.

Into the dark waters went that man’s body and, with it, his fiddle.

By the turn of this century, coastal Oldtimers could remember many who had come to Fiddler’s Island. Some came, joking and laughing, just to dare the ghost. Others seemed more intent; but with all, the story was the same: these intended to row out past the island and beyond it to the mouth, where they would await the windy dark. Then they would see what happened.

Some few, it was suspected, intended more: perhaps the beaching of their boats beyond the bend, then a search of the ground. But always they came back in haste, tightlipped and pale, left hurriedly, and were never seen again. So goes the story.

Now one man must have believed these legends, for many years ago—before the river’s lower reaches built up—a recluse turned up near the San Bernard’s mouth. He wanted no boat; he managed a shack and kept to himself; few knew anything of him beyond the name he gave them—Sandy. The Overbays knew him best, and therein lies this version.

Of indeterminate age and an obvious loner, still he came up to the tavern, comparatively new then, for something to drink. Once when he may have had too many, he threw a handful of Spanish reals on the counter, and then—as though alarmed with what he had disclosed—he scooped them up, lapsed into silence and shortly left.

Not long after, he was dead in that cabin—natural causes, it was determined. They could find none of the Spanish gold; however, it did leak out that the stranger came from the East, that he came looking for this specific river mouth, and that his bank account back home labeled him a wealthy man.

I wish I could resolve this story for you, but, as always with yesterday’s most intriguing legends, the music of Fiddler’s Island is little spoken of these days—those who haunt us must come, computer operated, from outer space.

In any event, the only recent account I know is that of a young friend who persuaded his father to run their fishing boat into the San Bernard. The boy—with his father along to share bravery—wanted to test the ghost music.

“Did you hear it?” I asked him.

“We didn’t even look,” he said. “It got stormy instead. The wind got higher and higher; it made an awful sound.”

“So you didn’t really look for anything?”

He shook his head vigorously. He knew the legend: you have to search before the fiddler rises to beset you.

On the other hand, maybe there’s nothing for the fiddler to guard. Maybe the recluse Sandy dared his music to the end and found that treasure.

If he hadn’t died, no doubt he could have told us.

In Houston at the Texas Council for Social Studies Conference! If you are here, come on out and see us!
10/23/2026

In Houston at the Texas Council for Social Studies Conference! If you are here, come on out and see us!

On this day in 1917, the McClesky No. 1 well struck oil and changed Ranger, Texas, almost overnight. Drilled to a depth ...
10/21/2026

On this day in 1917, the McClesky No. 1 well struck oil and changed Ranger, Texas, almost overnight. Drilled to a depth of 3,431 feet, it came roaring in on October 21, producing about 1,700 barrels a day. A town of roughly 1,000 people was suddenly on its way to becoming one of Texas’s busiest oil-boom towns.

There had been hints of oil nearby for years. Test drilling in 1912 found signs of it about seven miles south of Ranger, but the big breakthrough came after a group of local citizens persuaded William Knox Gordon to finance a deep test near town. McClesky No. 1 was the second test hole, and its success set off a rush.

Within a year, Ranger’s population reportedly reached as many as 30,000, most of them men. Photographs from the boom years show derricks sprouting like trees throughout town. By June 1919, twenty-two wells were being drilled in the area, and eight refineries were operating or under construction.

Gordon’s Texas Pacific Coal Company, which became the Texas Pacific Coal and Oil Company, had leased much of the field. As more gushers came in, some of that land was subleased for as much as $8,000 an acre. Independent operators and smaller companies spread out from Ranger, opening additional fields. One especially rich discovery, the Brewer pool, produced more than $2 million worth of oil in 1918 alone, sending drillers scrambling to get in on the action.

By 1919, drillers had tapped eight separate oil-producing layers, and the Ranger field had yielded nearly four million barrels. Its high-quality oil, combined with demand fueled by World War I, helped bring prices as high as about $4.25 a barrel.

But Ranger’s sudden prosperity had a rough side. Gambling houses and brothels flourished, and killings in the oilfields were common. The rush to make money also encouraged wasteful drilling practices. Across the surrounding oil region, competing operators crowded wells along property lines and let natural gas escape, reducing the underground pressure needed to push oil to the surface. That helped cut short the profitable life of wells even when plenty of oil remained below.

By 1921, Ranger’s boom was over, but its oil story wasn’t finished. In 1982, Sun Oil Company pumped water from Possum Kingdom Lake into the Ranger field to help recover oil left underground.

The crowds and forest of derricks belonged to the past, but smaller wells across the Ranger, Desdemona, and Breckenridge fields kept producing. In 1990, Stephens County alone yielded more than 5.6 million barrels of oil—a reminder that the region’s oil industry lasted far beyond the rush that first put Ranger on the map.

The picture below is of Ranger during the oil boom, on display in the Roaring Ranger Oil Boom Museum. Colorized version next to it.

On this day waaaay back in 1541, Spanish explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado wrote to the king of Spain about a lands...
10/20/2026

On this day waaaay back in 1541, Spanish explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado wrote to the king of Spain about a landscape so vast and flat that crossing it felt like being lost at sea. His letter became the first written description of the Llano Estacado, or Staked Plains—the enormous elevated plain stretching across northwest Texas and northeast New Mexico, south of the Canadian River.

Coronado had traveled a long way to find himself in that sea of grass. Born in Salamanca, Spain, in 1510, he was the son of Juan Vázquez de Coronado and Isabel de Luján. In 1535, he accompanied Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza to Mexico, where he married Beatriz de Estrada. The couple would have a son and four daughters.

His political career moved quickly. By 1538, Coronado had been appointed to Mexico City’s council and named governor of Nueva Galicia, a province whose principal towns were Guadalajara, Compostela, Purificación, and Culiacán. But the assignment that would secure his place in history came on January 6, 1540, when Mendoza chose him to lead an expedition to the legendary Seven Cities of Cíbola.

Wondrous stories brought back to Mexico by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca had helped fuel hopes of great riches somewhere to the north. On April 22, 1540, Coronado set out from Culiacán to see what he could find.

When he reached Cíbola—the Zuñi villages of western New Mexico—there was no gold waiting for him. Then he heard about Quivira, another supposedly wealthy place far to the east on the Great Plains. With the promise of riches still somewhere over the horizon, Coronado kept going.

That search brought him onto the Llano Estacado. For someone trying to navigate unfamiliar country, its seemingly endless stretches of level ground were bewildering. As he told the king:

“I reached some plains so vast, that I did not find their limit anywhere I went, although I traveled over them for more than 300 leagues ... with no more land marks than if we had been swallowed up by the sea .... [T]here was not a stone, nor bit of rising ground, nor a tree, nor a shrub, nor anything to go by.”

Coronado’s pursuit of those elusive riches occupied him until early 1542. When he returned to Mexico, he faced an official investigation into both his leadership of the expedition and his conduct as governor of Nueva Galicia. He was cleared of the charges involving the expedition, but other charges brought fines and cost him his position as governor.

He continued serving as a councilman in Mexico City until his death on September 22, 1554. He was buried there in Santo Domingo Church.

The plains he described, meanwhile, continued to leave later explorers with much the same sense of awe—and the same difficulty finding their way. Widespread settlement and economic development came much later, beginning in the 1870s. Once that transformation started, though, it moved faster than in any other part of Texas. In roughly half a century, the region went from an economy built around open, unfenced grazing land to a modern industrial economy.

The population figures show just how dramatic that change was. In 1880, the region had only 1,081 residents. A hundred years later, more than 900,000 people called those once seemingly boundless plains home.

Our video about Coronado's famed expedition is linked in the comments!

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