09/22/2026
TOMORROW, Dr. Dylan Principi of the Music Theory Department will be presenting at the weekly Society for Musicology meeting! All are welcome! The abstract for the presentation can be found below:
“In 1958, Gunther Schuller published an analysis of “Blue 7,” the final recording on Sonny Rollins’s album Saxophone Colossus. He claimed the track was the exemplar of an important new development in jazz, which he called thematic improvisation. Though Schuller’s argument proved influential, it was bound up with his own advocacy for “third stream” music, and with his progressive yet problematic claim that jazz was evolving rationally, just like Western art music, and thus merited serious consideration. To address these problems, Benjamin Givan published a rebuttal almost sixty years later focusing on two counterarguments: that Rollins did not intend to improvise thematically, and that his solo on “Blue 7” cannot be thematic because it is instead formulaic. In the decades between Schuller and Givan, however, scholars have openly doubted whether intention can determine whether an improvisation is truly thematic. They have also rejected a mutually exclusive distinction between thematic and formulaic improvisation. Not wanting to dismiss an analytical approach categorically, this article seeks to add further nuance to Givan’s compelling arguments while salvaging the concept of thematic improvisation from Schuller’s original excesses.
It is possible to find thematicity in Rollins’s solo on “Blue 7” by following a motive different from the one selected by Schuller. Although this novel motive appears as a formula in other recordings on Saxophone Colossus, this does not the prevent the motive from behaving thematically within a single improvisation. Additionally, errors on the recording of “Blue 7” undermine Schuller’s claims about the deliberateness of the performance, suggesting that the interpretation of thematicity takes place independently of the question of intention. In the end, the distinction between formulaic and thematic improvisation comes down to the degree of motivic development, and interpretation rather than intention is the determining factor.“